34 research outputs found
Employment change in occupations in urban India : implications for wage inequality
This article analyses employment and wage change patterns in India for a period spanning almost three decades, from 1983â84 to 2011â12. Using data from the National Sample Survey Organization, the study finds evidence of job polarization (employment growth in lowâ and highâskill jobs and decline in middleâskill jobs) in urban India during the 1990s and 2000s, and employment upgrading in the 1980s. Consistent with the literature on job polarization, the article finds a reduction in employment share in routine task intensive occupations. The author argues that this reduction is a result of both mechanization and technological upgrading within Indian industry. On the other hand, an increase in employment share in both lowâskill and highâskill occupations is argued to be a result of growing selfâemployment and informal sector employment in urban India. The wage change patterns are largely consistent with the employment change patterns. The analysis suggests that structural change in occupation is an important factor for understanding earnings inequality in India