A Mandibular First Molar with Three Distal Canals: A Case Report and Literature Review

For a successful root canal treatment, it is critical for a clinician to have complete knowledge of the root canal morphology. There are numerous cases in literature concerning the unusual anatomy of mandibular first molars. This report presents a case of a mandibular first molar with three distal canals. An overview of the types and numbers of the common anatomic forms of this tooth also is presented, as is a summary of published anomalies.Key words: Distal Root; Mandibular First Molar; Root Canal Anatom

Maxillary Premolars with Three Root Canals: A Case Report

The numerous difficulties found during root canal treatments are due to anatomical variations in the radicular morphology. Maxillary premolars have highly varied root canal systems and shapes. This case report addresses two endodontic treatment cases of the maxillary first and second premolars with three canals and a summary of their anatomical forms. The article describes the diagnosis and clinical management of these teeth

Clinical Efficacy of Celecoxib with and without Caffeine versus Ibuprofen for Pain Control following Crown Lengthening Surgery

Objective: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly prescribed pain control medications following periodontal surgery. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of three drug regimens namely celecoxib, celecoxib + caffeine and ibuprofen for pain relief following crown lengthening surgery.Methods: This randomized, double blind clinical trial was performed on 45 patients aged 20-60 years requiring crown lengthening of maxillary teeth. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups (n=15) receiving ibuprofen (400mg), celecoxib (200mg) and celecoxib (200mg) + caffeine (30mg). Each patient took one dose of the respective medications 30 minutes prior to surgery. Other doses were prescribed 1, 8, 16 and 24 hours after surgery. Pain scores were recorded using visual analog scale (VAS) at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours post operation.Results: The mean VAS scores were significantly lower in celecoxib + caffeine group than in celecoxib group at 1 and 2 hours after surgery (H1: 2.33 (1.95) vs. 4.47 (2.56), p=0.026) (H2: 2.47 (1.60) vs. 4.80 (2.40), p=0.009). The pain scores were significantly lower in celecoxib + caffeine group than ibuprofen group at 8, 16 and 24 hours after the procedure (H8: 1.80 (1.21) vs. 3.73(1.94), p=0.012) (H16: 1.07 (1.03) vs. 2.73 (1.87), p=0.012) (H24: 0.47 (0.64) vs. 1.87 (1.25),p=0.004). No significant difference was found in analgesic efficacy of celecoxib and ibuprofen. Conclusion: The combination of celecoxib + caffeine showed higher efficacy than other medications for pain control following crown lengthening surgery. Caffeine may enhance the analgesic effect of celecoxib