The analysis of surface saccharide profiles through fluorescein-labelled lectins in a rat pancreatic tissue with established metabolic syndrome model

WOS: 000461427300013Glycans, which are generally referred as oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, are structures that are present on all cellular surfaces with proteins and lipids being attached to their basic chain structures. Many studies in the field of glycobiology have identified the various and complicated biological roles of these glycans which make them perfect molecules to use in labelling and selecting body cells specifically. This study aims at analyzing the modifications in saccharide units of glycans on a cell membrane surfaces of the pancreatic tissue of rats to which normal and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are established. To this end, a MetS model was created through a high fructose diet in Spraque Dawley breed of rats and the pancreatic tissue sections of the group with MetS and control group animals were evaluated comparatively. The targeted saccharide units were examined with Fluorescent Microscope by using two different Fluorescein (FITC) labelled lectins, namely Maackia amurensis-1 lectin [FITC-(MAL-I)] and the Wheat Germ Agglutinin (FITC-WGA). It was observed that FITC-MAL-1-labelled Gal beta 4GlcNAc units did not change much due to high-fructose diet. On the other hand, more GlcNAc, Neu5Ac and beta-GlcNAc units which are labelled with FITC-WGA lectin increase in numbers in pancreatic sections of high fructose diet, compared to control group. Thus, a rapid and specific labelling method, which can identify surface saccharide sequences specifically, was developed. The method can be used in early diagnosis and/or treatment for metabolic diseases

Clinoptilolite induces cell death in THP-1 cells in oxidative stress conditions

WOS: 000518838900032Aim: Zeolites are tectosilicates which appear as minerals in nature and can also be synthesized in the laboratory conditions. Clinoptilolite is a natural zeolite which has ion exchanging and adsorbent characteristics. We have aimed to display the effect of clinoptilolite to apoptotic, autophagic and antioxidant characteristics of cancer cell lines under oxidative stress conditions. Material and Methods: the cytotoxicity of clinoptilolite was evaluated using the MTT assay. the total antioxidant status was measured by the total antioxidant status (TAS) detection kit. the western blotting analysis was performed in order to assess the protein expression levels of the apoptosis and to autophagy markers like Beclin1, Bcl-2 and LC3B. Results: 24 hours incubation of cancer cells with clinoptilolite reduced cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner. Clinoptilolite lowered the autophagy in cancer cells, in particular, directing the cells towards apoptosis and leading to a fall in the TAS levels. Clinoptilolite to cause a decrease in antioxidant defence. Discussion: Parallel to these findings, it has been seen that there was an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in autophagy in cells induced with hydrogen peroxide effect. in this study, clinoptilolite was shown to cause a decrease in antioxidant defense

Investigation of clinoptilolite's effect on cell death and antioxidant response in THP-1 cells in oxidative stress conditions

European Biotechnology Congress -- APR 26-28, 2018 -- Athens, GREECEWOS: 000454825900066

Metformin does not prevent DNA damage in lymphocytes despite its antioxidant properties against cumene hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress

Metformin (1-(diaminomethylidene)-3.3-dimethyl-guanidine), which is the most commonly prescribed oral antihyperglycaemic drug in the world, was reported to have several antioxidant properties such as the inhibition of advanced glycation end-products. In addition to its use in the treatment of diabetes, it has been suggested that metformin may be a promising anti-aging agent. The present work was aimed at assessing the possible protective effects of metformin against DNA-damage induction by oxidative stress in vitro. The effects of metformin were compared with those of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). For this purpose, peripheral blood lymphocytes from aged (n = 10) and young (n = 10) individuals were pre-incubated with various concentrations of metformin (10-50 mu M), followed by incubation with 15 mu M cumene hydroperoxide (CumOOH) for 48 h, under conditions of low oxidant level, which do not induce cell death. Protection against oxidative DNA damage was evaluated by use of the Comet assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique. Changes in the levels of malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxy-alkenals, an index of oxidative stress, were also measured in lymphocytes. At concentrations ranging from 10 mu M to 50 mu M. metformin did not protect the lymphocytes from DNA damage, while 50 VLM NAC possessed an effective protective effect against CumOOH-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, NAC, but not metformin. inhibited DNA fragmentation induced by CumOOH. In contrast to the lack of protection against oxidative damage in lymphocyte cultures. metformin significantly protected the cells from lipid peroxidation in both age groups, although not as effective as NAC in preventing the peroxidative damage at the highest doses. Within the limitations of this study, the results indicate that pharmacological concentrations of metformin are unable to protect against DNA damage induced by a pro-oxidant stimulus in cultured human lymphocytes, despite its antioxidant properties. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

The effect of dietary curcumin on hepatic chymase activity and serum fetuin-A levels in rats fed on a high-fat diet

WOS: 000403269800007The effects of curcumin on mast cell chymase activity in fatty liver and serum fetuin-A levels in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received HFD (60% of total calories from fat) and 1 g curcumin/kg HFD for 16 weeks. Hepatic chymase activity was determined using spectrophotometric analysis while liver lipid levels were measured using colorimetric methods and serum fetuin-A, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels were detected using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Hepatic fat accumulation and fibrotic changes were ameliorated with curcumin treatment. Curcumin significantly reduced hepatic lipids, chymase activity, and serum fetuin-A levels. Decreased serum leptin and augmented adiponectin levels were also observed. These findings suggest that curcumin attenuated hepatic fat accumulation and regulated adipokine levels. The reduction of liver chymase activity and serum fetuin-A levels may also contribute to the beneficial effects of curcumin in fatty liver disease induced inflammatory status. Practical applicationsCurcumin (diferuloylmethane), which is extracted from the dried root of the rhizome Curcuma longa, is a popular dietary spice (turmeric) in Asia and used in curry. Turmeric is widely used as food component, flavoring agent, and colorant. This research revealed that dietary curcumin treatment reduces hepatic fat accumulation, ameliorates liver damage, and inflammation related to fat storage. Therefore, curcumin may be a potential protective agent in the prevention of fatty liver disease and the anti-inflammatory capacity of curcumin may reveal a beneficial application in medicine and also food technology.Istanbul University [33981]Istanbul University, Grant/Award/Project Number: 3398

The effect of dietary curcumin and capsaicin on hepatic fetuin-A expression and fat accumulation in rats fed on a high-fat diet

WOS: 000373476600008PubMed ID: 26706937Effects of curcumin (turmeric) and capsaicin (red pepper) on hepatic fat accumulation and fetuin-A expression in rats fed high-fat diet (HFD) is aimed to be investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received HFD (60% of total calories from fat) and 0.15g capsaicin/kg HFD and/or 1.5g curcumin/kg HFD for 16 weeks. Hepatic AMPK, p-AMPK and fetuin-A expressions were determined by western blotting, liver lipid levels were measured with colorimetric methods and serum fetuin-A, insulin, leptin and adiponectin levels were detected using commercial ELISA kits. HFD increased hepatic lipid levels, fetuin-A expression and serum leptin, insulin and fetuin-A levels. Curcumin and capsaicin treatments significantly reduced hepatic fat accumulation and leptin levels; liver fetuin-A expression was decreased significantly by the curcumin treatment. Curcumin and capsaicin treatments attenuated hepatic fat accumulation and increased leptin levels related to inflammation. The suppression of hepatic fetuin-A expression is observed to be especially sensitive to curcumin.Istanbul University [39642]This work was supported by the Research Fund of Istanbul University. Project Number: 39642

Effect of curcumin on hepatic heme oxygenase 1 expression in high fat diet fed rats: is there a triangular relationship?

İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi.High fat diet (HFD) is associated with oxidative stress induced fatty liver. Curcumin, an extract of Curcuma longa, has been shown to possess potent antioxidant and hypolipidemic properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of curcumin treatment on hepatic heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression along with pro-oxidant-antioxidant status and lipid accumulation in rats fed an HFD. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed among 4 groups: Group 1, which was fed the control diet (10% of total calories from fat); Group 2, which was fed the HFD (60% of total calories from fat); and groups 3 and 4, which received the HFD supplemented with curcumin and the control diet supplemented with curcumin (1 g/kg diet; w/w), respectively, for 16 weeks. HFD caused increases in hepatic lipid levels, production of reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation. Further, HO-1 expression was significantly decreased. Histopathological examination showed hepatic fat accumulation and slight fibrotic changes. Curcumin treatment reduced hepatic lipids and oxidative stress parameters, and HO-1 expression was significantly increased. These findings suggest that increased HO-1 expression, along with suppressed oxidative stress as well as reduced hepatic fat accumulation and fibrotic changes, contribute to the beneficial effects of curcumin in attenuating the pathogenesis of fatty liver induced metabolic diseases