Effects of thymoquinone on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats

YÖK Tez No: 412765Timokinon, geleneksel tıpta bir ilaç ve baharat olarak kullanılan çörekotu (Nigella sativa) bitkisinden elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, antikonvülsan, antikanser, antioksidan ve nöroprotektif etkileri olduğu gözlenen timokinonun sıçanlarda penisilinle oluşturulan deneysel epilepsi modeli üzerindeki akut etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu çalışmada 56 yetişkin erkek Wistar rat kullanılmış ve bu ratlar; sham, kontrol (saline), sadece timokinon, vehicle (çözücü grubu) ve 10 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg ve 100 mg/kg'lık dozlarda timokinon grupları olarak 7 farklı gruba ayrılmıştır. Penisilin dışındaki tüm maddeler intraperitonal olarak uygulanmıştır. Ratlar 1.25 g/kg'lık üretan dozunun intraperitoneal olarak uygulanmasıyla anestezi altına alınıp, sol korteks açılmış ve somatomotor alana elektrotlar yerleştirilmiştir. Timokinon uygulanmasının 30. dakikasında penisilinin (500 IU, 2.5 ?l) intrakortikal olarak uygulanmasıyla epileptiform aktivite başlatılmıştır. Kayıtlardan elde edilen elektrokortikografik veriler yazılım programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda ilk epileptiform aktivitenin başlama latensi, epileptiform aktivitenin diken dalga sıklığı ve diken dalga genliği istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Sham ve sadece timokinon gruplarında herhangi bir epileptiform aktiviteye rastlanmamıştır. 10 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg ve 100 mg/kg'lık timokinon dozlarında ise kontrol ve çözücü gruplarla kıyaslandığında, ilk diken dalga latensini belirgin bir biçimde arttırdığı ve diken dalga frekansını azalttığı gözlenmiştir. Buna rağmen epileptiform aktivitenin diken dalga genliği diğer parametrelerle kıyaslandığında, penisilin uygulandıktan itibaren 20. dakikadan sonra gruplar arasında herhangi bir önemli farklılık bulunmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, yapılan çalışmada timokinonun ratlarda penisilinle oluşturulmuş deneysel epilepsi modeli üzerine uygulanmasının antiepileptik etkiye neden olduğunu ortaya çıkarmış ve bu durum timokinonun gelecekte potansiyel bir antiepileptik ilaç olabileceğini göstermiştir.Thymoquinone (TQ) is derived from Nigella sativa (NS) which is a traditional medical plant and used as a food additive. Aim of this study is to investigate acute effects of thymoquinone, which has been shown anticonvulsant, anticancer, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects, on experimental penicillin-induced epilepsy model in rats. In this study 56 adult male Wistar rats were used, and these rats were divided into 7 groups as sham, control (saline), thymoquinone (non-induced with penicillin), vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide, DMSO), and the doses of 10 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of thymoquinone. All of the substances were administered intraperitoneally except penicillin. After rats were anesthetized with administration of the 1.25 g/kg dose urethane intraperitoneally, the left part of the cortex was opened and the electrodes were placed on somatomotor area. At the 30th minute of thymoquinone application, epileptiform activity was induced by intracortical (i.c.) administration of penicillin (500 IU, 2.5 ?l). Obtained electrocorticographic (ECoG) data from recordings were analyzed by software. The first spike latency, spike wave frequency, and spike wave amplitude of epileptiform activity were analyzed statistically. There were no epileptiform acitivty in sham and thymoquinone (non-induced with penicillin) groups. Thymoquinone at the doses of 10 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg significantly increased the latency time to onset of first spike wave and decreased the frequency versus control and DMSO groups. However, comparing spike wave amplitude of epileptiform activity there were no significant difference between the groups after 20th minutes from penicillin administration. Consequently, the results of the present study show that administration of thymoquinone has antiepileptic effect in penicillin induced model of epilepsy in rats and it may be a potential antiepileptogenic drug in future

Are Blood Groups Protective Against COVID-19?

The SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 disease, which has spread rapidly since its first appearance and caused pandemic, has become more dangerous day by day, and by infecting large masses caused the death of many people. The numbers of cases and deaths reaching dangerous levels globally have pushed scientists to get to know this infection more closely and to investigate preventive and therapeutic methods. At this point, scientists have discovered, based on past infectious disease researches, that some individuals are more susceptible to certain infections. Importantly, in the light of this information, it has been determined that there is a relationship between infectious diseases and blood groups, and individuals with certain blood groups are more susceptible to these infectious diseases. The obtained data suggested that there may be a relationship between blood groups and SARS-CoV-2, and research has been shifted in this direction in order to quickly determine susceptibility to the disease. Indeed, relationships between SARS-CoV-2 patients' blood groups, from hospitals in China, US, Italy, Spain and Turkey, and caught this infectious were investigated. It has been demonstrated that blood groups have an effect on getting this disease. With the discovery of this relationship, it has been revealed in studies that A, B, AB and O blood groups can be a potential biomarker in determining the sensitivity to COVID-19 infection. Studies have determined that individuals with blood type A have an increased sensitivity to COVID-19, and individuals with blood type O have a decreased sensitivity to it. It is thought that the reason for the decreased sensitivity to COVID-19 in individuals with that blood group, and the increased sensitivity seen in individuals with blood group A is due to the antibody A in the blood. This antibody can inhibit virus-cell adhesion in individuals with antibody A. Therefore, it is very important for individuals with blood group A, who do not carry this antibody in their blood, to use personal protective equipment to protect themselves from COVID-19. The purpose of this review is to bring together studies that reveal the relationship between COVID-19 and blood types.İlk ortaya çıktığı andan itibaren hızla yayılan ve pandemiye neden olan SARS-CoV-2 veya COVID-19 hastalığı, gün geçtikçe daha tehlikeli bir hale gelmiş ve geniş kitlelere bulaşarak birçok insanın ölümüne neden olmuştur. Küresel olarak tehlikeli seviyelere ulaşan vaka ve ölümlerin sayısı, bilim insanlarını bu enfeksiyonu daha yakından tanımaya ve önleyici ve tedavi edici yöntemleri araştırmaya itmiştir. Bu noktada bilim insanları, geçmiş enfeksiyöz hastalıkları araştırmalarına dayanarak bazı bireylerin bazı enfeksiyonlara daha duyarlı olduğunu keşfetmişlerdir. Önemli olarak, bu edinilen bilgiler ışığında geçtiğimiz yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarla enfeksiyöz hastalıklar ile kan grupları arasında bir ilişki olduğu saptanmış ve belirli kan gruplarına sahip bireylerin bu bulaşıcı hastalıklara daha duyarlı oldukları saptanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler kan grupları ile SARS-CoV-2 arasında bir ilişki olabileceğini düşündürmüş ve araştırmalar hastalığa karşı duyarlılığın hızlı bir şekilde belirlenmesi amacıyla bu yöne kaydırılmıştır. Nitekim Çin’in farklı bölgelerinde, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde, İtalya, İspanya ve Türkiye’deki hastanelerde SARS-CoV-2 hastalarının kan grupları ile bu hastalığa yakalanma ilişkileri araştırılmış ve kan gruplarının bu hastalığa yakalanmada etkisinin olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Bu ilişkinin keşfedilmesiyle birlikte insanlarda bulunan A, B, AB ve O kan gruplarının COVID-19 enfeksiyonuna duyarlılığın belirlenmesinde potansiyel bir biyobelirteç olabileceği araştırmalarda ortaya çıkmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalarda kan grubu A olan bireylerin COVID-19'a karşı artmış bir duyarlılığının olduğu ve kan grubu O olan bireylerin ise azalmış bir duyarlılığa sahip olduğu belirlendi. O kan grubuna sahip bireylerde COVID-19’a karşı görülen azalmış duyarlılığın ve A kan grubuna sahip bireylerde görülen artmış duyarlılığın nedeninin kanda bulunan A antikorundan kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. A antikoruna sahip bireylerde bu antikor virus-hücre adezyonunu inhibe edebilmektedir. Bu nedenledir ki özellikle bu antikoru kanında taşımayan A kan grubuna sahip bireylerin COVID-19'dan korunması için kişisel koruyucu ekipman kullanmaları çok önemlidir. Bu derlemenin amacı COVID-19 ile kan grubu arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koyan çalışmaları bir araya getirmektir.WOS:00062876870002

Effect of acute and chronic ellagic acid administration on penicillin induced epileptiform activity in rats

YÖK Tez No: 489791Yeryüzünde epilepsi hastalığı olan yaklaşık 65 milyon insan vardır ve bunların büyük bir kısmı şimdiye dek keşfedilen antiepileptik ilaçlara karşı dirençlidir. Ayrıca bu ilaçların yan etki profili çok geniştir. Elajik asit (EA); nar, kuruyemiş ve elma gibi birçok bitkide bulunan polifenolik bir bileşiktir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, analjezik, antidepresan, antioksidan ve antikanser etkileri olduğu gözlenen elajik asidin akut ve kronik uygulamasının sıçanlarda penisilinle oluşturulan deneysel epilepsi modeli üzerindeki etkisini elektrofizyolojik olarak araştırılmasının yanı sıra oksidatif stres üzerindeki etkilerinin de incelenmesidir. Bu çalışmada 94 yetişkin erkek Wistar sıçan kullanıldı. Sıçanlar akut ve kronik gruplar olmak üzere iki büyük gruba ayrıldıktan sonra her bir grup sham, kontrol (penisilin), sadece elajik asit ve 10, 50 ve 100 mg/kg dozlarda elajik asit grupları olarak farklı alt gruba ayrıldı. Penisilin dışındaki tüm maddeler intraperitoneal olarak uygulandı. Kronik çalışma gruplarına maddeler 21 gün boyunca uygulanırken, akut çalışma grubuna ise sadece epileptiform aktivitesi öncesi uygulandı. Sıçanlar 1.25 g/kg'lık üretan dozunun intraperitoneal uygulanmasıyla anestezi altına alınıp, sol korteks üzerindeki kemik kaldırılmış ve somatomotor alana elektrotlar yerleştirildi. Akut gruplarına beş dakikalık bazal aktivite kaydından sonra elajik asit enjekte edildi. Elajik asit uygulanmasının 30. dakikasında penisilin (500 IU) intrakortikal olarak uygulandı. Penisilin sonrası 120 dakika daha ECoG kaydı alındı. Kronik çalışma gruplarında ise beş dakikalık bazal aktivite kaydından sonra penisilin intrakortikal uygulanarak 120 dakika daha ECoG kaydı alındı. Ayrıca elajik asidin antioksidan mekanizması üzerindeki etkilerini tespit etmek amacıyla süperoksit dismutaz, katalaz ve glutatyon peroksidaz miktarları serumda, ELİSA metodu ile belirlendi. Kayıtlardan elde edilen elektrokortikografik veriler yazılım programı ile analiz edildi. Aynı zamanda ilk epileptiform aktivitenin başlama zamanı, epileptiform aktivitenin diken dalga sıklığı ve diken dalga genliği istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi. Sham ve sadece EA (penisilin uygulanmamış) gruplarında herhangi bir epileptiform aktiviteye rastlanmamıştır. 10 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg ve 100 mg/kg'lık EA dozlarının hem akut hem de kronik grupları kontrol grubu ile kıyaslandığında, ilk epileptiform diken dalga zamanını belirgin bir biçimde arttırmış ve diken dalga sıklığını ve genliğini bazı zaman periyotları hariç azaltmıştır. Kronik EA gruplarında SOD, CAT ve GPx seviyeleri kontrol grubuna göre daha düşük bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, yapılan çalışmada elajik asidin penisilinle oluşturulmuş deneysel epilepsi modeli üzerine uygulanmasının antiepileptik etkiye sebep olduğunu ortaya çıkarmış ve bu durum elajik asidin gelecekte potansiyel bir antiepileptik ilaç olabileceğini düşündürmüştür.There are about 65 million people with epilepsy on earth, and a large part of the patients are resistant to antiepileptic drugs ever discovered. In addition, the side effect profile of these drugs is very wide. Ellagic acid (EA) is a flavonoid which presents in some of fruits and plant including pomegranate, nuts and apples. Aim of this study was to investigate effects of ellagic acid, which has been shown analgesic, antidepressant, antioxidant and anticancer effects, on experimental penicillin-induced epilepsy model electrophysiologically as well as oxidative stress. In this study 94 adult male Wistar rats were used. After the rats were divided two large groups as acute and chronic, each group were separated into different subgroups as sham, control (penicillin), only EA and 10, 50 and 100 mg / kg doses as EA. All of the substances were administered intraperitoneally except penicillin. When applying substances for 21 days to the chronic study group, in the acute study groups these substances were administered only before the epileptiform activity. Rats were anesthetized with 1.25 g/kg dose urethane intraperitoneally, the left part of the bone on cortex had been removed, and electrodes were placed onto somatomotor area. After recording five-minutes basal activity in acute groups, EA was applied. After the 30 minutes administration of EA, intracortical penicillin (500 IU) was injected. ECoG was recorded for 120 minutes more after the penicillin administration. In the chronic groups penicillin were applied intracortically and ECoG recording was taken 120 minutes more after the recording of 5 minutes basal activity. Also superoxide dismutaz, catalase and glutatyon peroxidase in blood serum were determined by ELISA. Electrocorticographic data which obtained from recordings were analyzed by the software program. Meanwhile the latency time to onset of first spike-wave, spike-wave frequency and amplitude of epileptiform activity were analyzed as data. There was no epileptiform activity in sham and only EA (non-induced with penicillin) groups. When both acute and chronic groups of 10 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of EA doses were compared to the control group, significantly increased the latency time to onset of first spike wave and decreased the frequency and amplitude except some time periods were found. SOD, CAT and GPx levels of chronic groups were found lower than control group. Consequently, the results of the present study show that administration of ellagic acid has antiepileptic effect in penicillin induced model of epilepsy in rats and it may be a potential antiepileptogenic drug in future

E-cigarettes: A Novel Phenomenon

Electronic cigarettes (e-cig), since it developed, have very big market all over the world, and which increases day byday. Nowadays e-cigarette represents a new “tobacco” industry that could reduce the incidence of tobacco smoking.Electronic cigarettes are electronic delivery system are devices designed to deliver aerosolized nicotine with at least onevehicle. The main purpose of electronic cigarettes is to give the user the feeling of smoking without using tobacco. Ecigarette suppliers are marketed e-cigs as a way to reduce or completely quit smoking, and many users, especiallyyoung, prefer e-cigarettes because they thought it was safer than tobacco cigarettes in general. Many e-cigarette brandsare currently sold in the markets and a new one is added every day. In addition to this there are various e-liquids withdistinctive aromas which contain many different types of sweetening agents for e-cigarettes. Main ingredients of thesee-liquids are nicotine, propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin. Due to various e-liquid ingredients, e-cigarette's effecton human health after inhalation is still undetermined. In this review is focused on general information about the ecigarette history, its working mechanism, development and marketing, parts and feature of it, ingredients, nicotine andnicotine's pharmacokinetics, regulation of the countries.Elektronik sigaralar, geliştirildiğinden beri, tüm dünyada her geçen gün artan bir pazara sahiptir. Günümüzde e-sigara, tütün kullanımı insidansını azaltabilecek yeni bir “tütün” endüstrisini temsil etmektedir. Elektronik nikotin verme sistemi olarak da bilinen elektronik sigaralar minimal bir araçla aerosol haline getirilmiş nikotini vermek üzere tasarlanan cihazlardır. Elektronik sigaraların asıl amacı kullanıcıya sigara içiyor hissini tütün kullanmadan vermektir. Esigara üreticileri elektronik sigaraları, sigarayı azaltmanın ya da tamamıyla bırakmanın bir yolu olarak pazarlamakla birlikte pek çok kullanıcı, özellikle gençler, e-sigarayı tütün sigarasından daha güvenli olduklarını düşündükleri için tercih etmektedirler. Birçok e-sigara markası marketlerde satılmakta ve bunlara her gün yeni bir tanesi eklenmektedir. Ek olarak, e-sigaralar için birçok farklı tatlandırıcı madde içeren ve birbirinden farklı aromalara sahip çeşitli e-likitler vardır. Bu e-likitlerin ana içerikleri; nikotin, propilen glikol ve bitkisel gliserindir. Çeşitli e-likit içerikleri nedeniyle, esigaranın inhalasyondan sonra insan sağlığı üzerindeki etkisi hala belirsizdir. Bu derlemede, e-sigaranın tarihi, çalışma mekanizması, gelişimi ve pazarlaması, bölümleri ve özellikleri, içerdiği maddeler, nikotin ve nikotinin farmakokinetiği, ülkelerin getirdiği düzenlemeler hakkında genel bilgiler ele alınmıştır

Effect of Rapamycin on Maternal Aggression in Rats

Ankarali, Handan Camdeviren/0000-0002-3613-0523; Ankarali, Seyit/0000-0003-3752-0846WOS: 000382113800002Rapamycin which is an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), has effects as antineoplastic, retarding aging, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective. Aim of this study is to investigate the effects of rapamycin on maternal aggression in rats. In this study 63 Wistar female rats were used. The animals were divided into 3 groups: the solvent (DMSO) group, the 5 mg/kg rapamycin group, and the 10 mg/ kg rapamycin group. For behavioral testing the resident-intruder paradigm was used. The groups were compared in terms of the latency to the first aggressive behavior, the number of attacks, the total duration of aggressive behaviors and the intensity of attacks. When the groups were compared in terms of the latency to the first aggressive behavior, it was found that 5 and 10 mg/kg rapamycin groups were significantly prolonged latencies compared to the control group. When were evaluated the number of aggressive behaviors, total duration of aggressive behaviors and average severity of attacks it was found that 5 mg/kg rapamycin group's values were significantly lower than the control groups. These results show that acute administration of rapamycin, especially in 5 mg/kg dose of rapamycin prolongs the latency of maternal aggression, and decreased the number of attacks, the intensity of attacks and the total duration of aggressive behaviors in rats. Therefore rapamycin may have potential for use as a sedative drug, however it is necessary to conduct further studies.Duzce University Research FundDuzce University [2013.04.01.197]This study was supported by the Duzce University Research Fund Project Number 2013.04.01.197. The study was presented orally at the 40th Physiology Congress (2-6 September 2014) in Erciyes University and published in congress abstracts book. We would like to thank to Joshua Tugumisirize, a psychiatrist in Islamic University in Uganda for his valuable comments and English editing

Effect of Acute and Chronic Ellagic Acid Administration on Penicillin-induced Epileptiform Activity in Rats

CETINKAYA, Ayhan/0000-0002-8212-7149; Ankarali, Handan Camdeviren/0000-0002-3613-0523WOS: 000419806200188

Doping Types of Athletics Sportsmen and Determination of the Opinions About Anti-Doping

WOS: 000419631500013Objective: This research was conducted to determine the level of knowledge of athletics national team athletes about doping types used in sport and their views on anti-doping. Methods: Seven descriptive type studies were conducted with 73 athletes who participating in the Super League Final Competitions and Junior European Champion Club Cup competitions in the Activity Program of the Turkish Athletics Federation and agreeing to participate in the research. Survey form prepared by researchers was used as data collection tool. The data are expressed in numbers and percentages, using the chi-square test in the analysis. Results: 79.5% of the athletes stated that the most stimulants were used in the sport. This was followed by anabolic androgenic steroids with 68.5%, and anti-estrogenic agents with 65.8%. Approximately two-thirds of the athletes said they were well informed about doping by athletes, coaches and administrators (64.4%), and also they had knowledge about it (% 64.4) and had read doping related publications (65.8%). In terms of anti-doping, athlethes find the activities satisfactory of the related institutions and organizations, in particular state (76.7%), federation (82.2%) and clubs (63.0%). Conclusion: As a result, it has been determined that among the participating athletes, the most common types of doping are in which stimulants and anabolicandrogenic steroids, and approximately two-thirds of the athletes said they were well informed about doping by athletes, coaches and administrators, and also think that they had knowledge about it, moreover more than half of the athletes find the activities of the related institutions and organizations satisfactory for the anti-doping

The Determination of Opinions of Triathlon Athletes on Doping and Anti-Doping Matters

WOS: 000404817500012Objectives: This study aims to determine the knowledge of triathlon athletes on the types of doping used in sports as well as their opinions on the anti-doping matters. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with 92 individuals participated in Tasucu Triathlon and Istanbul Salcano Triathlon Series, which was organized in 2015 by the Turkish Triathlon Federation. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Chi-square test was used in analysis of the data. Corticosteroids, masking agents, anti-estrogenic agents, beta blockers, and cannabinoids were among the types of doping which were least known by the triathlon athletes. These were followed by peptide hormones, narcotic analgesics, anabolic-androgenic steroids and stimulants. Results: Approximately two thirds of triathlon athletes consider that knowledge of athletes, coaches and administrators on doping is not sufficient. Conclusion: The majority of the athletes participated in the study stated that the relevant institutions and organizations are not fighting against doping adequately

Effects of thymoquinone, the major constituent of Nigella sativa seeds, on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats

Ankarali, Handan Camdeviren/0000-0002-3613-0523; ankarali, seyit/0000-0003-3752-0846WOS: 000385027500005PubMed: 27094523Objective: To investigate the effects of thymoquinone (TQ) in a penicillin-induced epilepsy model in rats. Methods: This experimental study included 56 adult male Wistar rats. Experiments were performed in the Research Laboratory of the Department of Physiology, Medical School, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey, between October 2013 and December 2014. Animals were divided into the following 7 groups: sham, control, only thymoquinone, vehicle (Dimethylsulfoxide), and doses of 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg of TQ. After rats were anesthetized, the left part of the skull was removed. A pair of silver/silver chloride electrodes was placed on the somatomotor area, and electrocorticographic recording was started. After 5 minutes basal activity was recorded, and TQ was applied intraperitoneally. At the thirtieth minute after TQ, epileptiform activity was induced by intracortical penicillin. The first spike latency, spike frequency, and the amplitude of epileptiform activity were analyzed statistically. Results: The different doses of TQ significantly increased the latency time to onset of first spike wave, and decreased the frequency, and amplitude of epileptiform activity in the first 20 minutes compared with the control group. Conclusion: Thymoquinone shows potential as an antiepileptic drug resulting from its effects of prolonged latency time, and reduced spike wave frequency and amplitude of epileptiform activity.Committee for Scientific Research of Duzce UniversityThis study was supported by the Committee for Scientific Research of Duzce University. The authors declare no conflicting interests, support or funding from any drug company

Sıçanlarda Rapamisinin Maternal Agresyon Üzerine Etkisi

Memelideki rapamisin hedefinin (mTOR) bir inhibitörü olan rapamisin antineoplastik, yaşlanmayı geciktirici, anti-inflammatuar ve nöroprotektif etkilere sahiptir. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız sıçanlarda rapamisinin maternal agresyon üzerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada 63 adet dişi Wistar sıçan kullanıldı. Hayvanlar çözücü (DMSO) grubu, 5 mg/kg rapamisin grubu ve 10 mg/kg rapamisin grubuna ayrıldı. Davranış testi için ev sahibi-yabancı paradigması kullanıldı. Gruplar; ilk agresif davranışın başlama zamanı, toplam atak sayısı, agresif davranışın toplam süresi ve atak şiddeti açısından karşılaştırıldı. Gruplar ilk agresif davranış başlama zamanı bakımından karşılaştırıldığında 5 ve 10 mg/kg rapamisin gruplarının kontrol grubuna göre başlama zamanını anlamlı düzeyde uzattığı bulundu. Toplam agresif davranış sayısı, agresif davranışın toplam süresi ve ortalama atak şiddeti değerlendirildiğinde 5 mg/kg rapamisin grubunun değerleri kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı düzeyde düşük bulundu. Bu sonuçlar akut rapamisin uygulamasının, özellikle 5 mg/kg dozda, sıçanlarda maternal agresyonun başlama zamanını uzattığını, toplam atak sayısı, atak şiddeti ve agresyonda geçen toplam süreyi kısalttığını göstermektedir. Fakat rapamisinin sedatif bir ilaç olarak kullanılabilme potansiyeline sahip olabilmesi için daha ileri çalışmalar gerekmektedir.Rapamycin which is an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), has effects as antineoplastic, retarding aging, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective. Aim of this study is to investigate the effects of rapamycin on maternal aggression in rats. In this study 63 Wistar female rats were used. The animals were divided into 3 groups: the solvent (DMSO) group, the 5 mg/kg rapamycin group, and the 10 mg/kg rapamycin group. For behavioral testing the resident-intruder paradigm was used. The groups were compared in terms of the latency to the first aggressive behavior, the number of attacks, the total duration of aggressive behaviors and the intensity of attacks. When the groups were compared in terms of the latency to the first aggressive behavior, it was found that 5 and 10 mg/kg rapamycin groups were significantly prolonged latencies compared to the control group. When were evaluated the number of aggressive behaviors, total duration of aggressive behaviors and average severity of attacks it was found that 5 mg/kg rapamycin group's values were significantly lower than the control groups. These results show that acute administration of rapamycin, especially in 5 mg/kg dose of rapamycin prolongs the latency of maternal aggression, and decreased the number of attacks, the intensity of attacks and the total duration of aggressive behaviors in rats. Therefore rapamycin may have potential for use as a sedative drug, however it is necessary to conduct further studies