Time spent in sedentary posture is associated with waist circumference and cardiovascular risk

Background The relationship between metabolic risk and time spent sitting, standing and stepping has not been well established. The present study aimed to determine associations of objectively measured time spent siting, standing and stepping, with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Methods A cross-sectional study of healthy non-smoking Glasgow postal workers, n=111 (55 office-workers, 5 women, and 56 walking/delivery-workers, 10 women), who wore activPAL physical activity monitors for seven days. Cardiovascular risks were assessed by metabolic syndrome categorisation and 10-y PROCAM risk. Results Mean(SD) age was 40(8) years, BMI 26.9(3.9)kg/m-2 and waist circumference 95.4(11.9)cm. Mean(SD) HDL-cholesterol 1.33(0.31), LDL-cholesterol 3.11(0.87), triglycerides 1.23(0.64)mmol/l and 10-y PROCAM risk 1.8(1.7)%. Participants spent mean(SD) 9.1(1.8)h/d sedentary, 7.6(1.2)h/d sleeping, 3.9(1.1)h/d standing and 3.3(0.9)h/d stepping, accumulating 14,708(4,984)steps/d in 61(25) sit-to-stand transitions per day. In univariate regressions - adjusting for age, sex, family history of CHD, shift worked, job type and socio-economic status - waist circumference (p=0.005), fasting triglycerides (p=0.002), HDL-cholesterol (p=0.001) and PROCAM-risk (p=0.047) were detrimentally associated with sedentary time. These associations remained significant after further adjustment for sleep, standing and stepping in stepwise regression models. However, after further adjustment for waist circumference, the associations were not significant. Compared to those without the metabolic syndrome, participants with the metabolic syndrome were significantly less active – fewer steps, shorter stepping duration and longer time sitting. Those with no metabolic syndrome features walked >15,000 steps/day, or spent >7h/day upright. Conclusion Longer time spent in sedentary posture is significantly associated with higher CHD risk and larger waist circumference

Invasão tolteca em Chichén Itzá? Uma nova leitura da questão a partir da cultura material das Terras Maias Baixas do Norte

Este artigo trata de uma das questões mais controversas da Arqueologia do México: uma possível invasão tolteca na cidade de Chichén Itzá. O assunto divide opiniões. Para um grupo de pesquisadores, Chichén Itzá é fruto da invasão dos habitantes de Tula, uma cidade do altiplano mexicano, a mais de 100 de distância dela. Já para outros pesquisadores, esta invasão não ocorreu e Chichén Itzá tem seu desenvolvimento dentro de uma tradição maia. Neste texto, mostramos algumas evidências arqueológicas em favor da segunda linha de pesquisa apresentada acima

O período Epiclássico na Mesoamérica: implicações para a questão tolteca e o sítio arqueológico de Chichén Itz The Epiclassic period in Mesoamerica: implications to the toltec question and the archaeologycal site of Chichén Itzá

A Arqueologia de Chichén Itzá sugere que sua construção data fundamentalmente do período Clássico Terminal ou Epiclássico (700-950 d.C.), ao invés do Pós-Clássico Inicial (950-1100 d.C.). Esta afirmação chama a atenção para as implicações de cronologia para o muito conhecido problema tolteca. Estamos trabalhando com a premissa que a ocupação de Chichén Itzá é, em sua maior parte, anterior à fase Tollán de Tula (900-1200 d.C.), o que nos leva a crer que o que geralmente é identificado como iconografia tolteca e, portanto, de origem das terras altas centro-mexicanas, de fato data do horizonte Epiclássico.<br>The Archaeology of Chichén Itzá suggests that its construction fundamentally date of the period Classic Terminal or Epiclassic (700-950 AD), instead of the Post-Classic Periodo (950-1100 AD). This draws attention to the implications of chronology for the well known problem tolteca. We are working with the assumption that the occupation of Chichén Itzá is, in the most part, prior to the stage Tollán of Tula (900-1200 AD), which leads us to believe that what is usually identified as tolteca iconography and therefore uplands of origin of the center-Mexican, in fact date Epiclassic horizon

Clinical Manifestations and Pathophysiological Mechanisms of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome.

The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked disorder originally described by Dr. Alfred Wiskott in 1937 and Dr. Robert Aldrich in 1954 as a familial disease characterized by infections, bleeding tendency, and eczema. Today, it is well recognized that the syndrome has a wide clinical spectrum ranging from mild, isolated thrombocytopenia to full-blown presentation that can be complicated by life-threatening hemorrhages, immunodeficiency, atopy, autoimmunity, and cancer. The pathophysiology of classic and emerging features is being elucidated by clinical studies, but remains incompletely defined, which hinders the application of targeted therapies. At the same time, progress of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and gene therapy offer optimistic prospects for treatment options aimed at the replacement of the defective lymphohematopoietic system that have the potential to provide a cure for this rare and polymorphic disease