Dietary Fat-Carbohydrate Combinations: Their Effects on Lipid Metabolism in Estrogen-Treated Rats

Female rats 4 weeks old were fed diets including beef tallow or safflower oil in combination with sucrose or rice starch. At 8 weeks of age, half the rats were orally administered 2 of estrogen (mestranol) in 5 μl of safflower oil and half were fed the vehicle only. After 10 to 14 days of estrogen treatment, rats were fasted and exsanguinated. Alterations were found in weight gain, liver weights, and levels of various lipids in plasma and liver. Most lipid levels were influenced by an interaction of mestranol with one of the dietary factors. No changes were observed in blood clotting activity as measured by prothrombin time and levels of plasma fibrinogen

The Journal of Nutrition Nutrient Requirements and Optimal Nutrition Whey Protein but Not Soy Protein Supplementation Alters Body Weight and Composition in Free-Living Overweight and Obese Adults 1,2

Abstract A double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted to determine the effect of consumption of supplemental whey protein (WP), soy protein (SP), and an isoenergetic amount of carbohydrate (CHO) on body weight and composition in freeliving overweight and obese but otherwise healthy participants. Ninety overweight and obese participants were randoml

Body Mass Index, percent body fat, and regional body fat distribution in relation to leptin concentrations in healthy, non-smoking postmenopausal women in a feeding study

BACKGROUND: The relationship between BMI and leptin has been studied extensively in the past, but previous reports in postmenopausal women have not been conducted under carefully controlled dietary conditions of weight maintenance using precise measures of body fat distribution. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between serum leptin concentration and adiposity as estimated by BMI and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measures (percent body fat, central and peripheral fat, and lean mass) in postmenopausal women. METHODS: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional analysis within the control segment of a randomized, crossover trial in which postmenopausal women (n = 51) consumed 0 (control), 15 (one drink), and 30 (two drinks) g alcohol (ethanol)/d for 8 weeks as part of a controlled diet. BMIs were determined and DEXA scans were administered to the women during the 0 g alcohol treatment, and a blood sample was collected at baseline and week 8 of each study period for leptin analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In multivariate analysis, women who were overweight (BMI > 25 to ≤ 30 kg/m(2)) had a 2-fold increase, and obese women (BMI > 30 kg/m(2)) had more than a 3-fold increase in serum leptin concentrations compared to normal weight (BMI ≤25 kg/m(2)) women. When the models for the different measures of adiposity were assessed by multiple R(2), models which included percent body fat explained the highest proportion (approximately 80%) of the serum leptin variance. CONCLUSION: Under carefully controlled dietary conditions, we confirm that higher levels of adiposity were associated with higher concentrations of serum leptin. It appears that percent body fat in postmenopausal women may be the best adiposity-related predictor of serum leptin

The Journal of Nutrition Nutrient Requirements and Optimal Nutrition Whey Protein but Not Soy Protein Supplementation Alters Body Weight and Composition in Free-Living Overweight and Obese Adults 1,2

Abstract A double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted to determine the effect of consumption of supplemental whey protein (WP), soy protein (SP), and an isoenergetic amount of carbohydrate (CHO) on body weight and composition in freeliving overweight and obese but otherwise healthy participants. Ninety overweight and obese participants were randoml