Human relevant fungi cultivated, treated with PAXgene and formalin and investigated for viability.

<p>Human relevant fungi cultivated, treated with PAXgene and formalin and investigated for viability.</p

Investigated strains cover the spectrum of bacterial life conditions.

<p>Specific media were used for bacteria cultivation before and after inactivation treatment.</p

a,b,c,d,e,f,g: Results of bacterial inactivation experiments after treatment with PAXgene and formalin.

<p>Bacterial strains show variable viability after treatment with PAXgene Fix, PAXgene Fix and Stab compared to formalin and PBS (viability control) for 30 minutes (a, b, c, e, f, g) and 2 hours (d). The x-axis indicates the amount of experiments, the y-axis cfu/ml. To obtain comparable results all counted cfus were normalised to 10⁶. Columns represent the mean values (and error bars) calculated from the results of a series of different dilutions for one experiment. Dashed lines indicate the reduction limit of 10⁵.</p

Work flow of bacterial and fungal inactivation experiments.

<p>Work flow of bacterial and fungal experiments. Bacteria experiments were performed with four (<i>Pa</i>) and six (<i>Ms</i>) independent experiments, respectively, when no colony was detected after inactivation, six experiments if colonies were detected (<i>Bs</i>, <i>Sa and Mt</i>) and seven experiments with the most variable strain <i>Cs</i>. Two-hour-treatments were performed with fungi (two experiments and all strains listed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0151383#pone.0151383.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>) and additionally with <i>Cs</i> (three experiments).</p

Reverse transcription qPCR: comparison of Cq values of PAXgene and formalin-fixed CMV samples.

<p>RT-qPCR sensitivity assay was performed to detect CMV early-immediate gene <i>TRS1</i> and reference gene <i>GAPDH</i> after fixation of CMV infected MRC-5 cells with PAXgene (<i>TRS1</i>_PF, <i>GAPDH</i>_PF), formalin (<i>TRS1</i>_FF, <i>GAPDH</i>_FF) and not fixed control samples (<i>TRS1</i>_PBS; <i>GAPDH</i>_PBS) in triple biological samples. Low Cq values indicate early detection. Statistical significance p < 0.0001 (***) or p < 0.03 (*).</p

a,b: Results of inactivation experiments of human-relevant fungi by two hours fixation with PBS as positive control, PAXgene Fix, PAXgene Fix and Stab, and formalin.

<p>At least two assays per species (1–3 experiments) were performed. a) Cfu/mL was normalised to 10⁵. The dashed line indicates the threshold for minimum of reduction of 10⁴ used for disinfectants for fungi. b) Bold printed numbers indicate minimal growth after inactivation.</p