Prevalence et facteurs de risque lies a l’incontinence urinaire pendant la grossesse : Etude sur 402 femmes au centre hospitalier universitaire departemental de l’Oueme / plateau au Benin

La grossesse et l'accouchement provoquent la distension de la musculature périnéale, occasionnant fréquemment des incontinences urinaires qui constituent à travers le monde entier un problème majeur de santé publique. La prévalence serait sous-estimée car peu de femmes déclarent souffrir d'IU vu l'aspect embarrassant de la problématique. Cette étude a déterminé la prévalence et les facteurs de risque de l’incontinence urinaire chez les femmes enceintes. Il s’agit d’une étude transversale réalisée de Juin 2016 à Octobre 2016 dans le service de Maternité du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental de l’Ouémé-Plateau (CHUD-O/P). L’évaluation a été faite à l’aide du questionnaire adapté de l’ICIQ (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire). Les résultats obtenus ont montré que la prévalence est de 43,03 % dont le type d’incontinence dominant est l’incontinence urinaire d’effort (57,22 %). Les principaux facteurs de risque d'incontinence urinaire sont la multiparité, l’Indice de Masse Corporelle et l’accouchement par voie basse.Conclusion : L'incontinence urinaire a une prévalence élevée chez les femmes enceintes. Les principaux facteurs de risque de l'incontinence urinaire sont liés aux traumatismes obstétricaux.Mots clés : Prévalence, incontinence urinaire, grossesse, Bénin. Prevalence and risk factors related to urinary incontinence during pregnancy: Study on 402 women in the university hospital center departemental of Oueme /Plateau in Benin Pregnancy and childbirth cause distension of the perineal musculature, frequently causing urinary incontinence that is a major public health problem throughout the world. This study determined the prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in pregnant women. This is a cross-sectional study conducted from July to October 2016 in the CHUD - O / P Maternity Department. The evaluation was made using the questionnaire adapted from the ICIQ (International Consultation on Incontinence  Questionnaire). The results obtained showed that the prevalence is 43.03%, the dominant type of incontinence being stress urinary incontinence (57.22%). The main risk factors for urinary incontinence are multiparity, Body Mass Index and obstetrical history.Conclusion: Urinary incontinence has a high prevalence in pregnant women. The mainrisk factors for urinary incontinence are related to obstetric trauma.Keywords: Prevalence, urinary incontinence, pregnancy, Benin

The generation and utilization of a cancer-oriented representation of the human transcriptome by using expressed sequence tags

Whereas genome sequencing defines the genetic potential of an organism, transcript sequencing defines the utilization of this potential and links the genome with most areas of biology. To exploit the information within the human genome in the fight against cancer, we have deposited some two million expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from human tumors and their corresponding normal tissues in the public databases. The data currently define approximate to23,500 genes, of which only approximate to1,250 are still represented only by ESTs. Examination of the EST coverage of known cancer-related (CR) genes reveals that <1% do not have corresponding ESTs, indicating that the representation of genes associated with commonly studied tumors is high. The careful recording of the origin of all ESTs we have produced has enabled detailed definition of where the genes they represent are expressed in the human body. More than 100,000 ESTs are available for seven tissues, indicating a surprising variability of gene usage that has led to the discovery of a significant number of genes with restricted expression, and that may thus be therapeutically useful. The ESTs also reveal novel nonsynonymous germline variants (although the one-pass nature of the data necessitates careful validation) and many alternatively spliced transcripts. Although widely exploited by the scientific community, vindicating our totally open source policy, the EST data generated still provide extensive information that remains to be systematically explored, and that may further facilitate progress toward both the understanding and treatment of human cancers