Challenges in the research and development of new human vaccines

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2013-11-25T19:29:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbosa T Challenges in the....pdf: 210220 bytes, checksum: a3500b1dd61d3123c0b596b7594c3fdb (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-25T19:29:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbosa T Challenges in the....pdf: 210220 bytes, checksum: a3500b1dd61d3123c0b596b7594c3fdb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilThe field of vaccinology was born from the observations by the fathers of vaccination, Edward Jenner and Louis Pasteur, that a permanent, positive change in the way our bodies respond to life-threatening infectious diseases can be obtained by specific challenge with the inactivated infectious agent performed in a controlled manner, avoiding the development of clinical disease upon exposure to the virulent pathogen. Many of the vaccines still in use today were developed on an empirical basis, essentially following the paradigm established by Pasteur, ‘‘isolate, inactivate, and inject’’ the disease-causing microorganism, and are capable of eliciting uniform, long-term immune memory responses that constitute the key to their proven efficacy. However, vaccines for pathogens considered as priority targets of public health concern are still lacking. The literature tends to focus more often on vaccine research problems associated with specific pathogens, but it is increasingly clear that there are common bottlenecks in vaccine research, which need to be solved in order to advance the development of the field as a whole. As part of a group of articles, the objective of the present report is to pinpoint these bottlenecks, exploring the literature for common problems and solutions in vaccine research applied to different situations. Our goal is to stimulate brainstorming among specialists of different fields related to vaccine research and development. Here, we briefly summarize the topics we intend to deal with in this discussion

R&D in Vaccines Targeting Neglected Diseases: An Exploratory Case Study Considering Funding for Preventive Tuberculosis Vaccine Development from 2007 to 2014

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-02-26T18:36:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bessa TC R&D in Vaccines Targeting Neglected Diseases....pdf: 677127 bytes, checksum: 9f3acc3437de7bcc89b39c9f868e1117 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-02-26T18:46:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Bessa TC R&D in Vaccines Targeting Neglected Diseases....pdf: 677127 bytes, checksum: 9f3acc3437de7bcc89b39c9f868e1117 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-26T18:46:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bessa TC R&D in Vaccines Targeting Neglected Diseases....pdf: 677127 bytes, checksum: 9f3acc3437de7bcc89b39c9f868e1117 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017National Institute of Science and Technology of Innovation onDiseases of Neglected Populations (INCT-IDPN),Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia. Institute of Collective Health. Salvador, BA, BrazilFederal University of Southern Bahia. Institute of Humanities Arts and Sciences. Itabuna, BA, BrazilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilBased on an exploratory case study regarding the types of institutions funding the research and development to obtain new tuberculosis vaccines, this article intends to provoke discussion regarding the provision of new vaccines targeting neglected disease. Although our findings and discussion are mainly relevant to the case presented here, some aspects are more generally applicable, especially regarding the dynamics of development in vaccines to prevent neglected diseases. Taking into account the dynamics of innovation currently seen at work in the vaccine sector, a highly concentrated market dominated by few multinational pharmaceutical companies, we feel that global PDP models can play an important role throughout the vaccine development cycle. In addition, the authors call attention to issues surrounding the coordination of actors and resources in the research, development, manufacturing, and distribution processes of vaccine products arising from PDP involvement

Impact of Bacille Calmette-Guérin revaccination on serum IgE levels in a randomized controlled trial

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) downmodulates allergen-specific IgE levels and prevents other atopic responses in experimental models but fails to protect against respiratory allergies. Human responsiveness to BCG is variable and may interfere with protection. METHODS: Multivariate models were evaluated to test the possible effect of responsiveness (assessed by IFN-γ production) to BCG revaccination on the modulation of total and allergen-specific serum IgE levels in healthy volunteers participating in a randomized controlled trial. RESULTS: Serum total or Derp-specific IgE levels did not change regardless of the increase in IFN-γ levels. CONCLUSIONS: BCG responsiveness does not affect protection against atopy