The 25(OH)D levels of breast milk.

a<p>Between 1 and 14 days postpartum.</p

Characteristics of the pregnant women (n = 102).

<p>SD = standard deviation, IQR = interquartile range, BMI = body mass index, Mets = metabolic equivalents.</p

Associations between maternal serum and breast milk 25(OH)D levels after adjusting for confounders.^a

<p>Bold print shows significant p<0.05.</p>a<p>Adjusted for maternal age and prenatal multivitamin intake.</p

Comparisons of maternal serum 25(OH)D levels according to maternal factors during pregnancy (n = 102).

<p>BMI = body mass index, SD = standard deviation, T = tertile, Mets = metabolic equivalents.</p><p>^*p values obtained from F tests using ANOVA. Bold print shows significant p<0.05.</p><p>Dietary calcium in the second trimester: T1 = <378 mg/day; T2 = 378–592 mg/day; T3 = >592 mg/day; Dietary calcium in the third trimester: T1 = <348 mg/day; T2 = 348–657 mg/day; T3 = >657 mg/day.</p

Associations between maternal factors during pregnancy and serum 25(OH)D levels after adjusting for confounders^a (n = 102).

<p>BMI = body mass index, Mets = metabolic equivalents. Bold print shows significant p<0.05.</p>a<p>Adjusted for maternal age and gestational age.</p

Additional file 2: Figure S1. of Dietary supplementation with bovine-derived milk fat globule membrane lipids promotes neuromuscular development in growing rats

Real time RT‐PCR analysis of Agrn and Z+ Agrn expression in rat soleus muscle. Figure S2. Real time RT‐PCR analysis of synaptophysin expression in rat soleus muscle. A (PDF 369 kb

Effect of Dietary Complex Lipids on the Biosynthesis of Piglet Brain Gangliosides

Gangliosides, found in mammalian milk, are known for their roles in brain development of the newborn. However, the mechanism involved in the impact of dietary gangliosides on brain metabolism is not fully understood. The impact of diets containing complex lipids rich in milk-derived ganglioside GD3 on the biosynthesis of gangliosides (assessed from the incorporation of deuterium) in the frontal lobe of a piglet model is reported. Higher levels of incorporation of deuterium was observed in the GM1 and GD1a containing stearic acid in samples from piglets fed milk containing 18.2 μg/mL of GD3 compared to that in those fed milk containing 25 μg/mL of GD3. This could suggest that the gangliosides from the diet may be used as a precursor for de novo biosynthesis of brain gangliosides or lead to the reduction of de novo biosynthesis of these gangliosides. This effect was more pronounced in the left compared to that in the right brain hemisphere