Antibacterial activity of electrospun nanofibers polyvinylpyrrolidone/cellulose acetate matrix loaded by Ageratum conyzoides L. weed

Evaluating Ageratum conyzoides L. (bandotan) weed potential, as a natural antibacterial agent that can be used in the biomedical fields, is the objective of this study. Bandotan leaves extract (BLE) loaded PVP/CA nanofibers were fabricated using an electrospinning technique. The resulting PVP/CA/BLE nanofibers exhibit a pure fibers morphology, with average fibers diameter range of 145–346 nm. Fourier transform infrared analysis demonstrates similarities in the spectra of PVP/CA/BLE nanofibers and pure BLE, confirming the effective loading of BLE into the nanofiber matrix. The nanofibers composed of PVP/CA/BLE exhibit significant antibacterial efficacy against both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ranging from 5 to 71 ( × 10−2 %mg−1), and a high swelling degree of 786%. PVP/CA/BLE nanofibers also exhibit two extract release profiles, burst and sustained release, with a cumulative release of 18–39%. These characteristics make PVP/CA/BLE nanofibers suitable for use as wound dressings, as they can inhibit bacterial growth, absorb wound exudate, and load drug molecules

Ethanol additive addition to gasoline: viscosity investigation using stokes law linear regression

Nowadays, global warming is a tremendous phenomena in the world. Every country trying to solve these conditions, including Indonesia that has a campaign to reduce the emission of CO and HC from vehicles. However, the number of vehicles is increasing every year. Based on that condition, the researchers are trying to modify the fuel with the additive. This work modified the gasoline with 10% ethanol additive addition and investigated the viscosity properties using Stokes law linear regression method and compared to pure gasoline. The viscosity properties are chosen by their effect on emission of vehicles. A low viscosity of fuel can reduce CO and HC in gas emission. Then, this work was finding that the viscosity of gasoline is decreased, but 10% of ethanol does not significantly change the characteristics of gasoline. Even so, the linear regression has successfully used as an analyzed method to determined the viscosity. Then, this finding also contributes to development of fuel in Indonesia to reduce the emission of CO and HC with the modified of gasoline using ethanol in the other concentration