6,244 research outputs found
Level 2.5 large deviations for continuous time Markov chains with time periodic rates
We consider an irreducible continuous time Markov chain on a finite state
space and with time periodic jump rates and prove the joint large deviation
principle for the empirical measure and flow and the joint large deviation
principle for the empirical measure and current. By contraction we get the
large deviation principle of three types of entropy production flow. We derive
some Gallavotti-Cohen duality relations and discuss some applications.Comment: 37 pages. corrected versio
Towards a nonequilibrium thermodynamics: a self-contained macroscopic description of driven diffusive systems
In this paper we present a self-contained macroscopic description of
diffusive systems interacting with boundary reservoirs and under the action of
external fields. The approach is based on simple postulates which are suggested
by a wide class of microscopic stochastic models where they are satisfied. The
description however does not refer in any way to an underlying microscopic
dynamics: the only input required are transport coefficients as functions of
thermodynamic variables, which are experimentally accessible. The basic
postulates are local equilibrium which allows a hydrodynamic description of the
evolution, the Einstein relation among the transport coefficients, and a
variational principle defining the out of equilibrium free energy. Associated
to the variational principle there is a Hamilton-Jacobi equation satisfied by
the free energy, very useful for concrete calculations. Correlations over a
macroscopic scale are, in our scheme, a generic property of nonequilibrium
states. Correlation functions of any order can be calculated from the free
energy functional which is generically a non local functional of thermodynamic
variables. Special attention is given to the notion of equilibrium state from
the standpoint of nonequilibrium.Comment: 21 page
Price Promotion for Emotional Impact
Managers and academics often think of price promotions merely as incentives that entice consumers to accept offers that they might not have considered otherwise. Yet the prospect of paying a lower price for a product of given quality can also discourage deliberation, in a sense "dumbing down" the purchase encounter by making it less consequential. The authors examine this possibility in a dual-system theory of consumer behavior. Specifically, they argue that price promotion lowers a consumer's motivation to exert mental effort, in which case purchase decisions are guided less by extensive information processing and more by a quicker, easier, strong conditioner of preference: affect. Field data from a large daily deal company and four controlled experiments support this idea and document its implications primarily for product choice, in turn providing insight into the form and cause of brand switching that manufacturers and retailers can leverage to improve the allocation of promotional budgets and category management
Minimum dissipation principle in stationary non equilibrium states
We generalize to non equilibrium states Onsager's minimum dissipation
principle. We also interpret this principle and some previous results in terms
of optimal control theory. Entropy production plays the role of the cost
necessary to drive the system to a prescribed macroscopic configuration
Quantitative analysis of Clausius inequality
In the context of driven diffusive systems, for thermodynamic transformations
over a large but finite time window, we derive an expansion of the energy
balance. In particular, we characterize the transformations which minimize the
energy dissipation and describe the optimal correction to the quasi-static
limit. Surprisingly, in the case of transformations between homogeneous
equilibrium states of an ideal gas, the optimal transformation is a sequence of
inhomogeneous equilibrium states.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1404.646
Oregon Freight Data Mart
Increasing freight volumes are adding pressure to the Oregon transportation system. Monitoring the performance of the transportation system and freight movements is essential to guarantee the economic development of the region, the efficient allocation of resources, and the quality of life of all Oregonians. Freight data is expensive to collect and maintain. Confidentiality issues, the size of the datasets, and the complexity of freight movements are barriers that preclude the easy access and analysis of freight data. Data accessibility and integration is essential to ensure successful freight planning and consistency across regional partner agencies and planning organizations. In relation to Internet-based mapping technology in freight data collection and planning, the main objectives of this project are: (a) address implementation issues associated with data integration, (b) present a system architecture to leverage existing publically-available interfaces and web applications to accelerate product development and reduce costs, (c) describe an existing web-based mapping prototype and its capabilities, (d) state lessons learned and present suggestions to streamline the integration and visualization of freight data, and (e) discuss load-time and display quality issues associated with the visualization of transportation data on internet-based mapping applications. The strategies and methodologies described in this report are equally applicable to the display of areas such as states or counties as well as linear data such linear data such as highways, waterways, and railways. Despite data integration challenges, Internet-based mapping provides a cost effective and appealing tool to store, access, and communicate freight data as well as enhance our understanding of freight issues. Institutional barriers, not technology, are the most demanding hurdles to widely implementing a freight data web-based mapping application in the near future
Large deviation approach to non equilibrium processes in stochastic lattice gases
We present a review of recent work on the statistical mechanics of non
equilibrium processes based on the analysis of large deviations properties of
microscopic systems. Stochastic lattice gases are non trivial models of such
phenomena and can be studied rigorously providing a source of challenging
mathematical problems. In this way, some principles of wide validity have been
obtained leading to interesting physical consequences.Comment: Extended version of the lectures given by G. Jona-Lasinio at the 9th
Brazilian school of Probability, August 200
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