3 research outputs found

    Impact des éléments potentiellement toxiques sur les pins dans une ancienne mine de traitement de minerai :: Exploitation de la réponse hyperspectrale des écailles des aiguilles et de la canopée

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    International audienceAnthropic potentially toxic element (PTE) releases can lead to persistent pollution in soil. Monitoring PTEs by their detection and quantification on large scale is of great interest. The vegetation exposed to PTEs can exhibit a reduction of physiological activities, structural damage 
 Such vegetation trait changes impact the spectral signature in the reflective domain 0.4-2.5 ÎŒm. The objective of this study is to characterize the impact of PTEs on the spectral signature of two pine species (Aleppo and Stone pines) in the reflective domain and ensure their assessment. The study focuses on nine PTEs: As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn. The spectra are measured by an in-field spectrometer and an aerial hyperspectral instrument on a former ore processing site. They are completed by measurements related to vegetation traits at needle and tree scales (photosynthetic pigments, dry matter, morphometry 
) to define the most sensitive vegetation parameter to each PTE in soil. A result of this study is that chlorophylls and carotenoids are the most correlated to PTE contents. Context-specific spectral indices are specified and used to assess metal contents in soil by regression. These new vegetation indices are compared at needle and canopy scales to literature indices. Most of the PTE contents are predicted at both scales with Pearson correlation scores between 0.6 and 0.9, depending on species and scale.Les rejets anthropiques d'Ă©lĂ©ments traces mĂ©talliques (ETM) peuvent entraĂźner une pollution persistante du sol. Le suivi des EUT par leur dĂ©tection et leur quantification Ă  grande Ă©chelle est d'un grand intĂ©rĂȘt. La vĂ©gĂ©tation exposĂ©e aux EUT peut prĂ©senter une rĂ©duction des activitĂ©s physiologiques, des dommages structurels... De tels changements de traits de vĂ©gĂ©tation impactent la signature spectrale dans le domaine rĂ©flĂ©chissant 0,4 – 2,5 ”m. L'objectif de cette Ă©tude est de caractĂ©riser l'impact des ETM sur la signature spectrale de deux espĂšces de pin (pin d'Alep et pin pignon) dans le domaine rĂ©flexif et d'assurer leur Ă©valuation. L'Ă©tude porte sur neuf EUT : As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn. Les spectres sont mesurĂ©s par un spectromĂštre de terrain et un instrument hyperspectral aĂ©rien sur un ancien site de traitement de minerai. Ils sont complĂ©tĂ©s par des mesures liĂ©es aux traits de vĂ©gĂ©tation Ă  l'Ă©chelle des aiguilles et des arbres (pigments photosynthĂ©tiques, matiĂšre sĂšche, morphomĂ©trie
) pour dĂ©finir le paramĂštre de vĂ©gĂ©tation le plus sensible Ă  chaque ETM dans le sol. Un rĂ©sultat de cette Ă©tude est que la chlorophylle et les carotĂ©noĂŻdes sont les plus corrĂ©lĂ©s. Des indices spectraux spĂ©cifiques au contexte sont spĂ©cifiĂ©s et utilisĂ©s pour Ă©valuer les teneurs en mĂ©taux dans le sol par rĂ©gression. Ces nouveaux indices de vĂ©gĂ©tation sont comparĂ©s Ă  l'Ă©chelle de l'aiguille et de l'air aux indices de la littĂ©rature. La plupart des teneurs en TME sont prĂ©dites aux deux Ă©chelles avec des scores de corrĂ©lation de Pearson entre 0,6 et 0,9, selon l'espĂšce et l'Ă©chelle

    Mitigation of antibioresistance dissemination through the comprehensive optimization of sludge treatment

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    This project aims to evaluate the dynamics of antibiotics and antibioresistance on (1) 5 sludge treatment trains carried out in the laboratory on a raw sludge and (2) during soil incubations mimicking the spreading of the raw and 5 treated sludge samples. Antibiotics were quantified all along the sludge treatments and during the soil incubation. Antibioresistance was captured using culture-dependent as well as culture-independent methodologies for characterizing the total microbial communities, the abundance and diversity of the resistant bacteria and genes, but also the mobile genetic elements. The main outputs are the hierarchization of the sludge treatment trains according to their ability to mitigate the antibioresistance dissemination, but also the identification of the main factors triggering antibiotic resistance dissemination
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