8,129 research outputs found
Hierarchical analysis of gravitational-wave measurements of binary black hole spin-orbit misalignments
Binary black holes may form both through isolated binary evolution and
through dynamical interactions in dense stellar environments. The formation
channel leaves an imprint on the alignment between the black hole spins and the
orbital angular momentum. Gravitational waves from these systems directly
encode information about the spin--orbit misalignment angles, allowing them to
be (weakly) constrained. Identifying sub-populations of spinning binary black
holes will inform us about compact binary formation and evolution. We simulate
a mixed population of binary black holes with spin--orbit misalignments
modelled under a range of assumptions. We then develop a hierarchical analysis
and apply it to mock gravitational-wave observations of these populations.
Assuming a population with dimensionless spin magnitudes of , we
show that tens of observations will make it possible to distinguish the
presence of subpopulations of coalescing binary black holes based on their spin
orientations. With observations it will be possible to infer the relative
fraction of coalescing binary black holes with isotropic spin directions
(corresponding to dynamical formation in our models) with a fractional
uncertainty of . Meanwhile, only observations are
sufficient to distinguish between extreme models---all binary black holes
either having exactly aligned spins or isotropic spin directions.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures. Updated to match version published in MNRAS as
10.1093/mnras/stx176
Geometric Properties of Quantum Phases
The Aharonov-Anandan phase is introduced from a physical point of view.
Without reference to any dynamical equation, this phase is formulated by
defining an appropriate connection on a specific fibre bundle. The holonomy
element gives the phase. By introducing another connection, the Pancharatnam
phase formula is derived following a different procedure.Comment: 9 page
Invasion percolation on the Poisson-weighted infinite tree
We study invasion percolation on Aldous' Poisson-weighted infinite tree, and
derive two distinct Markovian representations of the resulting process. One of
these is the limit of a representation discovered by Angel et
al. [Ann. Appl. Probab. 36 (2008) 420-466]. We also introduce an exploration
process of a randomly weighted Poisson incipient infinite cluster. The dynamics
of the new process are much more straightforward to describe than those of
invasion percolation, but it turns out that the two processes have extremely
similar behavior. Finally, we introduce two new "stationary" representations of
the Poisson incipient infinite cluster as random graphs on which
are, in particular, factors of a homogeneous Poisson point process on the upper
half-plane .Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AAP761 the Annals of
Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Measuring physical inactivity:do current measures provide an accurate view of "sedentary" video game time?
BACKGROUND: Measures of screen time are often used to assess sedentary behaviour. Participation in activity-based video games (exergames) can contribute to estimates of screen time, as current practices of measuring it do not consider the growing evidence that playing exergames can provide light to moderate levels of physical activity. This study aimed to determine what proportion of time spent playing video games was actually spent playing exergames. METHODS: Data were collected via a cross-sectional telephone survey in South Australia. Participants aged 18 years and above (n = 2026) were asked about their video game habits, as well as demographic and socioeconomic factors. In cases where children were in the household, the video game habits of a randomly selected child were also questioned. RESULTS: Overall, 31.3% of adults and 79.9% of children spend at least some time playing video games. Of these, 24.1% of adults and 42.1% of children play exergames, with these types of games accounting for a third of all time that adults spend playing video games and nearly 20% of children's video game time. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of time that would usually be classified as "sedentary" may actually be spent participating in light to moderate physical activity
Adiabatic Berry Phase and Hannay Angle for Open Paths
We obtain the adiabatic Berry phase by defining a generalised gauge potential
whose line integral gives the phase holonomy for arbitrary evolutions of
parameters. Keeping in mind that for classical integrable systems it is hardly
clear how to obtain open-path Hannay angle, we establish a connection between
the open-path Berry phase and Hannay angle by using the parametrised coherent
state approach. Using the semiclassical wavefunction we analyse the open-path
Berry phase and obtain the open-path Hannay angle. Further, by expressing the
adiabatic Berry phase in terms of the commutator of instantaneous projectors
with its differential and using Wigner representation of operators we obtain
the Poisson bracket between distribution function and its differential. This
enables us to talk about the classical limit of the phase holonomy which yields
the angle holonomy for open-paths. An operational definition of Hannay angle is
provided based on the idea of classical limit of quantum mechanical inner
product. A probable application of the open-path Berry phase and Hannay angle
to wave-packet revival phenomena is also pointed out.Comment: Latex, no figures, 24 pages, submitted to Ann. Phy
Geometric phases and anholonomy for a class of chaotic classical systems
Berry's phase may be viewed as arising from the parallel transport of a
quantal state around a loop in parameter space. In this Letter, the classical
limit of this transport is obtained for a particular class of chaotic systems.
It is shown that this ``classical parallel transport'' is anholonomic ---
transport around a closed curve in parameter space does not bring a point in
phase space back to itself --- and is intimately related to the Robbins-Berry
classical two-form.Comment: Revtex, 11 pages, no figures
Estimation of Apartment Submarkets
The analysis of apartment sub-markets and the modelling of such markets have attracted a considerable degree of attention recently. This study compares apartment submarkets within a major European city. The price behaviour of the Dublin, Ireland apartment market is tested using hedonic models and aggregate and disaggregate data. The results strongly indicate that the modelling of apartment markets at the disaggregate level does result in significant improvements in estimation in comparison to estimations undertaken at an aggregate level. This particular apartment market is especially interesting, due to the introduction of fiscal incentives in inner-city locations. In order to fully understand the Dublin apartment market requires an appreciation of the role played by tax breaks for owner-occupiers and investors in urban renewal locations. The results show that different submarkets responded differently. The central city apartment market [urban renewal locations] saw a short-term stabilization of prices in the months following the fiscal changes, with price increases accelerating again shortly afterwards.
REVIEW - A reference data set for retinal vessel profiles
This paper describes REVIEW, a new retinal vessel reference dataset. This dataset includes 16 images with 193 vessel segments, demonstrating a variety of pathologies and vessel types. The vessel edges are marked by three observers using a special drawing tool. The paper also describes the algorithm used to process these segments to produce vessel profiles, against which vessel width measurement algorithms can be assessed. Recommendations are given for use of the dataset in performance assessment. REVIEW can be downloaded from http://ReviewDB.lincoln.ac.uk
On the Spinning Motion of the Hovering Magnetic Top
In this paper we analyze the spinning motion of the hovering magnetic top. We
have observed that its motion looks different from that of a classical top. A
classical top rotates about its own axis which precesses around a vertical
fixed external axis. The hovering magnetic top, on the other hand, has its axis
slightly tilted and moves rigidly as a whole about the vertical axis. We call
this motion synchronous, because in a stroboscopic experiment we see that a
point at the rim of the top moves synchronously with the top axis. We show that
the synchronous motion may be attributed to a small deviation of the magnetic
moment from the symmetry axis of the top. We calculate the minimum angular
velocity required for stability in terms of the moments of inertia and magnetic
field and show that it is different from that of a classical top. We also give
experimental results that were taken with a top whose moment of inertia can be
changed. These results show very good agreement with our calculations.Comment: 19 pages (including 3 figures named fig1.eps-fig3.eps), uses amssymb,
epsf and amsbsy (AMSLaTeX
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