Renal transplant: gender differences

Renal transplantation represents the best treatment for end-stage kidney disease, leading to improved quality of life and life-expectancy for most of the patients. However, gender disparities are evident both in access and in outcomes of kidney transplantation. Women on dialysis are less likely to be on the waiting list for kidney transplantation and to receive an organ from a deceased donor or living donor. Several biological and sociocultural aspects could explain this disparity. On the contrary, more women than men are living kidney donors. Italian women are the first organ donors for living transplants in Europe. The gender difference in living donation is certainly affected by different comorbidities, but such a marked trend highlights a greater predisposition to donate of women, especially in the family context. Some differences are also found in kidney outcomes, even not fully understood. Our paper analyzes the main differences in different aspects of kidney transplantation related to gender, including nutritional aspects

L'assorbimento del glucosio in dialisi peritoneale: strumenti utili per il team multidisciplinare

Dialysis patients are often affected by protein energy wasting and the maintenance of an optimal nutritional state is a difficult goal to achieve. Moreover protein energy wasting is one of the strongest risk factors for mortality in chronic dialysis patients. To estimate glucose absorption in peritoneal dialysis is essential to determine patient's dietary energy requirements and to prevent possible metabolic complications. The currently accepted methods of estimating glucose absorption are two. The first one is based on the average glucose absorption of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and is calculated with the Grodstein et al. formula. The second one is based on the Peritoneal equilibration test curves (D/D0 formula, Bodnar et al.) and takes into account transport characteristics. None of the two formulas perfectly calculated the absolute glucose absorption, even if the D/D0 is much closer to the true value, compared to Grodstein et al. formula. In this paper we described the multidisciplinary management experience of peritoneal dialysis patients, with a focus on the estimation of the patient's energy requirements. Analyzing glucose absorption in a systematic way and monitoring the changes in glucose absorption during the time could significantly contribute to adjusting nutritional treatment. However it is always necessary to critically evaluate the results obtained by both formulas

La renovación de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingüística

El libro reúne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovación de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temáticas abordadas en los 167 capítulos muestran las grandes líneas de investigación que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro país, pero también en los otros países mencionados arriba, y señalan además las áreas que recién se inician, con poca tradición en nuestro país y que deberían fomentarse. Los trabajos aquí publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigación: Fonología, Sintaxis, Semántica y Pragmática, Lingüística Cognitiva, Análisis del Discurso, Psicolingüística, Adquisición de la Lengua, Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Didáctica de la lengua, Lingüística Aplicada, Lingüística Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la Lingüística, Lenguas Aborígenes, Filosofía del Lenguaje, Lexicología y Terminología

MRC avanzata e genere: una visione pluriprospettica /multidimensionale

Chronic kidney disease (CKD or CKD [Chronic Kidney Disease]) is present in approximately 7% of the world population: several studies have highlighted socio-cultural discrimination, to the detriment of women, in referral to specialist nephrological care and access to dialysis and transplantation. Globally, gender discrimination limits the possibility of access to education, medical care and involvement in clinical trials. Women on dialysis have different comorbidities than men; the choice to follow a predialysis process and the subsequent orientation towards dialysis treatment are certainly influenced by gender as is the choice of dialysis access. As regards kidney transplantation, women are more likely to offer themselves as donors rather than to be beneficiaries. Conventional knowledge supports the belief that there are gender differences in the acquisition, preparation and consumption of food, for this reason it is essential to consider the variables that come into play when defining and agreeing treatment paths, in particular in taking care of people with chronic diseases such as CK

Réactions croisées entre polyomavirus humains et simiens et séroprévalence de ces infections chez les humains et les primates

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Performance, meat quality and blood parameters in four strains of organic broilers differ according to range use

Chicken meat production in organic systems involves free-range access where animals can express foraging and locomotor behaviours. These behaviours may promote outdoor feed intake, but at the same time induce a loss of energy in exploring. More generally, the relationship of range use with metabolism, welfare, health, growth performance and meat quality needs to be better understood. We studied four strains of intermediate (JA757) to slow-growing (S757N, White Bresse and a dual-purpose strain) meat-type chickens with outdoor access. We selected 25 males high- (HR) and low-rangers (LR) per strain. Only in JA757, HR exhibited lower body weight before range access, which may have predisposed them to use the range more. Carcass weight and/or carcass yield were significantly lower in HR compared to LR, showing a negative trade-off between range use and growth performance in all strains. Breast meat yellowness was higher in HR compared to LR in JA757 and the dual-purpose strain, probably due to carotenoids intake from the grass. No relationship between range use and welfare indicators at slaughter was reported whatever the strain. Chicken metabolism differed by range use as HR and LR diverged for blood biomarkers of oxidative and metabolic status, innate and inflammatory system response

Range use relationship with welfare and performances in four strains of organic broilers

International audienceAlternative productions with outdoor access are acclaimed by consumers as animals can better express their natural behaviours. Eating grass and longer locomotion for example can impact animal use of outdoor range. To understand range use relationship with broiler’s welfare and performance, we studied four intermediate to slow-growing strains: JA757 (734 animals, rearing duration (RD): 71 days), S757N (735 animals, RD: 85 days), White Bresse (747 animals, RD: 106 days) and a dual-purpose crossbreed (771 animals, RD: 99 days). One hundred males of each strain were ranked according to their range use and divided in two extreme groups of 25 high- and low-rangers. We compared the means of our indicators regarding welfare (hock burns, pododermatitis, struggling on the slaughter line, tibial bone length and breaking-resistance) and performances (carcass weights and yields) by range use group. We did not observe any significant differences in welfare indicators collected at the slaughterhouse depending on range use in the four studied broiler strains. Only in the JA757, we found better leg health in high-rangers compared to low-rangers with 4% (p=0.006) shorter and 2% (p=0.021) stronger tibial bone which could be thanks to a higher locomotor activity in high-rangers compared to low-rangers. We reported significant reductions of carcass traits with range use in all the studied strains. We observed significantly lower carcass weights by 12% (p=0.006) in JA757 and by 7% (p=0.006) in White Bresse and significantly lower carcass yield by 2% (p=0.006) in S757N and by 1% (p=0.009) in the dual-purpose strains. These results could be due to higher locomotor activity of high-rangers compared to low-rangers. Therefore, later research could focus on how to maximize range use and its health benefices without compromising performances.The project PPILOW has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement N°816172