The place of optical coherence tomography in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder

Objective: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an increasingly used new method that investigates changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in neurodegenerative diseases. It provides high-resolution cross-sectional imaging of biological tissues. This study aimed to investigate the structural changes in RNFL in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) using OCT and to investigate the possible effects of retinal function on the etiopathogenesis of OCD. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 patients diagnosed with OCD at the end of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID-I), without any drug use status, and 31 healthy participants paired with the patients in terms of their sociodemographic characteristics were included. In the patient and control groups, the RNFL thickness was measured and compared at each locus using OCT. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in RNFL, ganglion cell layer thickness, and central foveal thickness between the patients with OCD and the control group. In this study, the choroidal thickness values of the patient group were found to be higher than those of the control group; and a statistically significant difference was observed in the mean choroidal thickness values (p=0.045). Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that the RNFL thickness of patients with OCD does not decrease, but choroidal thickness may be an important biomarker to determine the etiopathogenesis of the disease and follow neurodegeneration

Effect of Pterygium Surgery on Tear Osmolarity

Purpose. To investigate changes of dry eye test results in patients who underwent pterygium surgery. Methods. Seventy-four patients who underwent primary pterygium surgery were enrolled in this study. At the baseline, 3-, 12-, and 18-month visits, measurements of tear osmolarity, BUT, and Schirmer test were performed. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1, which consisted of patients in whom pterygium did not recur, and Group 2, which consisted of patients in whom pterygium recurred after surgery. Results. The patients in Group 1 had lower tear osmolarity levels after surgery than those at baseline (all P0.05). Conclusions. Anormal tear film function associated with pterygium. Pterygium excision improved tear osmolarity and tear film function. However, tear osmolarity deteriorated again with the recurrence of pterygium

Serum YKL-40 levels as a novel marker of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome

WOS: 000321700800013PubMed: 23661157Purpose To evaluate serum levels of YKL-40 in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) in comparison with those of age-and sex-matched healthy subjects. Methods Forty patients with PEX (PEX group) and 40 age- and sex-matched control subjects (control group) were enrolled in the study. An enzyme immunoassay method using the commercially available test MicroVue YKL-40 was used to measure serum YKL-40 concentration. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglycerides were also examined. Results the mean age was 54.4 +/- 7.6 (ranging 41-65) years in each group. the mean serum YKL-40 level of the PEX group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.001). in addition, the mean serum HsCRP, total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides levels were significantly higher, and mean serum HDL level was significantly lower in the PEX group than in the control group (all P<0.001, excluding both P = 0.002 for triglycerides and HDL levels). Further, the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in the PEX group than in the control group (P-1 = 0.001 and P-2 = 0.01, respectively). Conclusion We have shown a relationship between PEX and elevated serum levels of YKL-40. We imply that a better understanding of the role of YKL-40 in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis is necessary to develop new therapies for preventing or treating PEX. Further studies are warranted to clarify the clinical relevance of these findings

Dexamethasone Implant As A First Line Treatment For Macular Edema Secondary To Retinal Vein Occlusion

Amaç: Retina ven tıkanıklığına (RVT) bağlı maküla ödemi tedavisinde ilk seçenek olarak dekzametazon (DEX) implant enjeksiyonunun görsel ve anatomik sonuçlarının ve ek tedavi (ranibizumab enjeksiyonu, lazer) gereksinimlerinin değerlendirilmesi.Gereç ve Yöntemler: RVT'ye bağlı maküla ödemi tanısıyla ilk tedavi seçeneği olarak DEX implant enjeksiyonu uygulanmış hastaların dosyaları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Enjeksiyon öncesi ve sonrası kontrollerdeki en iyi düzeltilmiş görme keskinlikleri (EİDGK), göz içi basınç değerleri (GİB), santral foveal kalınlık değerleri (SFK) kaydedildi. Ek tedavi gereksinimleri, GİB yüksekliği nedeniyle tedavi gereksinimi ve enjeksiyon sonrası gelişen komplikasyonlar nedeniyle uygulanan cerrahiler kaydedildi. İstatistiksel analiz eşleştirilmiş t-testi ile yapıldı, p22mmHg) antiglokomatöz tedavi ile kontrol altına alındı.Sonuç: RVT'ye bağlı maküla ödeminde DEX implant ilk seçenek tedavi olarak etkilidir. Ancak etkisinin 6 aydan kısa sürmesi ek enjeksiyonları gerektirmektedir.Purpose: To evaluate the visual and anatomical results of primarily dexamathasone (DEX) implant and the need for adjunctive treatment (ranibizumab, laser) for macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO).Materials and Methods: The records of patients who received primarily DEX implant for ME secondary to RVO were studied retrospectively. Outcome measures included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), central foveolar thickness (CFK) baseline and at each monthly controls. The number of DEX implant and ranibizumab injections and required treatments were recorded. Paired t-test was used and and a p22mmHg) which could be managed by topical medication.Conclusion: DEX implant seems to be effective as a first line treatment in ME secondary to RVO. However adjunctive injections were required before 6 months because of ME relapse

A Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Case Presented with Vitreous Homorrhage

Bu yazıda polipoidal koroidal vaskülopatiye bağlı vitreus hemorajisi gelişen bir olgunun sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Başlangıç görme keskinliği el hareketi düzeyinde olan hasta pars plana vitrektomiden sonra 0,7 görme keskinliğine kavuşmuştur. Takip eden intravitreal anti vasküloendotelyal büyüme faktörü tedavileri ile de subretinal hemoraji çok azalmıştır.We report a case of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy presented with vitreus hemorrhage. At initial examination the visual acuity was hand motion, after pars plana vitrectomy it improved to 0.7 level. Following intravitreal anti-vasculoendothelial growth factor injections, subretinal hemorrhage seems to be greatly reduced

Visual and Anatomical Results of Macular Burn As A Complication of Panretinal Laser Photocoagulation: Case Report

Panretinal lazer fotokoagülasyon işleminin en çok korkulan komplikasyonlarından biri yanlışlıkla makülaya atış yapılmasıdır. Biz bu makalede kliniğimizde proliferatif diyabetik retinopati nedeniyle panretinal fotokoagülasyon uygulanan ve işlem sırasında yanlışlıkla makülaya atış yapılan 2 olgumuzun sonuçlarını sunmayı amaçladık.Accidental laser photocoagulation of the macula is the most feared complication of panretinal photocoagulation. We present two proliferative diabetic retinopathy cases of inadvertent macular laser photocoagulation during panretinal photocoagulation

23 gauge transkonjonktival sistem ile pasif silikon alınması

Amaç: 23 gauge (g) transkonjonktival sistem ile pasif olarak 1000 sentistokes (cs) silikon yağı geri alınmasının sonuçlarını sunmak. Gereç ve Yöntem: 91 hastanın 91 gözü geriye dönük olarak incelendi. 23 g trokar kanülleri pars planadan yerleştirilerek, silikon yağının trokar kanüllerden pasif olarak geri alınması beklendi. Primer cerrahinin sebebi, ameliyat öncesi ve ame- liyat sonrası görme keskinlikleri ve göz içi basınçları (GİB), silikon yağının geri alınma süresi, peroperatif sütür ihtiyacı, uygulanan ek cerrahi girişimler, komplikasyonlar ve ameliyat sonrası izlem süresi kaydedildi. Bulgular: Ortalama takip süresi 15.9±6.1 aydı. 37 göze (%40.6) ek cerrahi girişim olarak, fakoemülsifikasyon, epireti- nal membran soyulması ve/veya endolazer uygulandı. Ortalama silikon geri alınma süresi 7.1±0.5 dk idi. Ortalama GİB, ameliyat sonrası tüm vizitlerde ameliyat öncesi değere göre anlamlı olarak düşük izlendi; GİB, ameliyat sonrası 1. günde 10.9±2.2 mmHg, 1. ayda 15.9±5.4 mmHg ve 6. ayda 14.9±2.2 mmHg idi. 26 gözde (%28.5) peroperatif en az bir sütür ihtiyacı oldu. 35 gözde (38.4) ameliyat sonrası görme artışı izlendi. Sadece bir gözde ameliyat sonrası ciddi hipotoni (GİB<5 mmHg) izlenirken, 6 göze (%6.6) silikon alınması sonrası nüks retina dekolmanı nedeniyle cerrahi uygulandı. Sonuç: 23 gauge transkonjonktival sistem ile 1000cs silikon yağı geri alınması, etkili, hızlı, güvenli ve komforlu bir yöntem- dir. Ameliyat sonrası komplikasyonlar nadirdir.Purpose: To introduce the results of passive removal of 1000 centistokes (cs) silicone oil with 23 gauge transconjunctival system. Materials and Methods: Ninety-one eyes of 91 patients were studied retrospectively. 23-gauge trocar cannulas were en- tered from the pars plana in two steps and waited for removal of silicone oil from the trocar cannulas passively. The reason for the primary surgery, preoperative and postoperative visual acuities and intraocular pressures, duration of silicone oil removal, need for peroperative suture, additional surgical procedures, complications and postoperative follow-up time were recorded. Results: Mean follow-up time was 15.9±6.1 months. 37 eyes (40.6%) were underwent additional operations as phacoemul- sification, epiretinal membrane peeling and/or endolaser during surgery. Mean duration of silicone oil removal was 7.1±0.5 minutes. Mean intraocular pressure decreased significantly at all visits postoperatively; and it was measured as 10.9±2.2 mmHg at the first day, 15.9±5.4 mmHg at the first month and 14.9±2.2 mmHg at the 6th month. 26 eyes (28.5%) peropera- tively needed at least one suture. Postoperatively, visual acuity increased in 35 eyes (38.4%). Only in one eye postoperative serious hypotonia (intraocular pressure<5 mmHg) was recorded. 6 eyes (6.6%) were reoperated due to the redetachment of the retina after silicone oil removal. Conclusion: Removal of 1000 cs silicone oil with 23 gauge transconjunctival system is effective, fast, safe and comfortable. Postoperative complications are rare

Patolojik miyopiye bağlı koroidal neovaskülarizasyonda kombinasyon tedavisi

Amaç: Patolojik myopiye bağlı koroidal neovaskülarizasyonda (KNV) verteporfinli fotodinamik tedavi (FDT) ve intravitreal bevacizumab (İVB) kombinasyon tedavisinin sonuçlarının bildirilmesi. Gereç ve Yöntem: Patolojik myopiye bağlı KNV nedeniyle FDT ve 2.5 mg İVB tedavisi alan hastaların kayıtları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Gözlerin tümü tedaviden önce ve sonra Snellen görme keskinliği değerlendirmesi (GK) ve tam oftalmolojik muayeneye ek olarak optik koherens tomografi ve floresein anjiografi ile değerlendirildi. Bütün kontrol vizitlerinde her lezyona bir aktivite skoru (AS) verildi. Kontrol vizitlerinde AS’nin en az 7 olması durumunda tekrar tedavi uygulandı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 6 hasta dahil edildi. LogMAR GK tedaviden önce 1.30 iken, son kontrolde 0.86 idi (p<0.05). GK’de ortalama 2 (-2-4) Snellen sırası artış izlendi. AS her kontrolde başlangıçtaki değere gore anlamlı olarak düşük bulundu (p<0.05). Başlangıç fovea kalınlığı 394.4±222.7 ?m iken son takipteki fovea kalınlığı 175.4±25.4 ?m idi (p<0.05). Ortalama 28 aylık takip süresi sonunda ortalama FDT/hasta sayısı 1.7 iken İVB sayısı 2.5 idi. Tartışma: Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına gore myopik KNV tedavisinde FDT ve İVB kombinasyon tedavisi hem tekrar tedavi ihtiyacını azaltarak hem de görme keskinliğinde artış sağlayarak, etkili bir tedavi seçeneği gibi görülmektedir.Purpose: To report the outcome of combined verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) and intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) due to pathologic myopia. Materials and Methods: The reports of the patients with CNV secondary to pathologic myopia who received PDT and 2.5 mg of IVB were reviewed. All of the eyes were examined with optic coherence tomography and fluorescein anjiography in addition to Snellen visual acuity (VA) assessment and total ophthalmologic examination both before and after treatment. An activity score (AS) was given to each lesion during all visits. Retreatments were done if the AS is at least 7 during the control visits. Results: Six patients were included. The mean logMAR VA was 1.30 before treatment, 0.86 at the last visit (p<0.05). Mean improvement in VA was 2 (range, -2 to 4) Snellen lines. The mean AS was significantly lower than the baseline at each visit (p<0.05). Initial foveal thickness improved from 394.4±222.7 µm to 175.4±25.4 µm after the last follow-up (p<0.05). The mean number of PDT/patient was 1.7 and that of IVB was 2.5 during the 28 months of a mean follow-up. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that PDT combined with IVB seems to be effective in treating myopic CNV by reducing retreatment needs and improving visual acuity

Effect of Axial Length on Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Children

WOS: 000335377100021PubMed: 23918073Purpose: To investigate the effect of axial length on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in myopic, hyperopic, and emmetropic eyes in children by Cirrus HD spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: Subjects were divided into 3 groups according to their refractive status: myopic (n = 36), emmetropic (n = 30), and hyperopic (n = 28) eyes. the RNFL thickness measurements were taken from the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants in the peripapillary region by Cirrus HD OCT. Axial length was also determined for each patient. Results: the myopic eyes had thinner average RNFL and RNFLs of temporal, superior, nasal, and inferior quadrants than the hyperopic eyes (p1 0.05). Conclusions: We have shown that axial length and accordingly refractive status influenced peripapillary RNFL thickness measurements by Cirrus HD OCT in children. Therefore, to make a correct diagnosis of glaucoma or other optic neuropathies in children, either axial length-induced magnification effect should be corrected by ophthalmologists or the current Cirrus HD OCT database should be revised taking axial length into consideration

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio increases in patients with dry eye

Uzun, Feyzahan/0000-0002-3050-0714WOS: 000379614000014PubMed: 27158804Purpose:To assess the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as an indicator of inflammation in patients with non-Sjogren dry eye disease.Methods:Serum NLR and C-reactive protein values were determined in 33 patients with dry eye and in 32 controls. the NLR was calculated by dividing the neutrophil count by the lymphocyte count.Results:Characteristics of the dry eye and control groups were similar. the mean NLR value was 2.8 1.4 (range: 1.1-6.1) in the dry eye group and 1.6 +/- 0.7 (range: 0.8-2.8) in the control group (P = 0.002, t test). the mean C-reactive protein value was 0.6 +/- 0.7 mg/dL (range: 0-2.3 mg/dL) in the dry eye group and 0.5 +/- 0.6 mg/dL (range: 0-1.9 mg/dL) in the control group (P = 0.307, t test).Conclusions:The NLR values were found to be higher in patients with non-Sjogren dry eye than in controls. This result suggests that non-Sjogren dry eye disease may be associated with systemic inflammation or the NLR values may increase in local inflammatory ocular diseases