34 research outputs found
Interleukin-12 and -23 Control Plasticity of CD127+ Group 1 and Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Intestinal Lamina Propria
SummaryHuman group 1 ILCs consist of at least three phenotypically distinct subsets, including NK cells, CD127+ ILC1, and intraepithelial CD103+ ILC1. In inflamed intestinal tissues from Crohn’s disease patients, numbers of CD127+ ILC1 increased at the cost of ILC3. Here we found that differentiation of ILC3 to CD127+ ILC1 is reversible in vitro and in vivo. CD127+ ILC1 differentiated to ILC3 in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-23, and IL-1β dependent on the transcription factor RORγt, and this process was enhanced in the presence of retinoic acid. Furthermore, we observed in resection specimen from Crohn’s disease patients a higher proportion of CD14+ dendritic cells (DC), which in vitro promoted polarization from ILC3 to CD127+ ILC1. In contrast, CD14− DCs promoted differentiation from CD127+ ILC1 toward ILC3. These observations suggest that environmental cues determine the composition, function, and phenotype of CD127+ ILC1 and ILC3 in the gut
NK cells and type 1 innate lymphoid cells: partners in host defense
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are effectors and regulators of innate immunity and tissue modeling and repair. Researchers have identified subsets of ILCs with differing functional activities, capacities to produce cytokines and transcription factors required for development and function. Natural killer (NK) cells represent the prototypical member of the ILC family. Together with ILC1s, NK cells constitute group 1 ILCs, which are characterized by their capacity to produce interferon-γ and their functional dependence on the transcription factor T-bet. NK cells and ILC1s are developmentally distinct but share so many features that they are difficult to distinguish, particularly under conditions of infection and inflammation. Here we review current knowledge of NK cells and the various ILC1 subset
NK cells and type 1 innate lymphoid cells: partners in host defense
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are effectors and regulators of innate immunity and tissue modeling and repair. Researchers have identified subsets of ILCs with differing functional activities, capacities to produce cytokines and transcription factors required for development and function. Natural killer (NK) cells represent the prototypical member of the ILC family. Together with ILC1s, NK cells constitute group 1 ILCs, which are characterized by their capacity to produce interferon-γ and their functional dependence on the transcription factor T-bet. NK cells and ILC1s are developmentally distinct but share so many features that they are difficult to distinguish, particularly under conditions of infection and inflammation. Here we review current knowledge of NK cells and the various ILC1 subset
The role of ILC2 in pathology of type 2 inflammatory diseases
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) which are strategically interspersed throughout barrier surfaces are important regulators of type 2 immune reactions, particularly against helminthic parasites. ILC2 are also involved in tissue homeostasis and repair. Studies in a variety of animal models have demonstrated that when dysregulated or chronically activated, ILC2 can contribute to the pathology of allergic inflammatory diseases such as allergic asthma and atopic dermatitis. Here we discuss new findings of the cross talk of ILC2 with other hematopoietic cells, in particular T cells, and review recent information on the role of ILC2 in type 2 inflammatory disease
Innate lymphoid cells: from helper to killer
Five subsets of ILCs are extensively described, Lymphoid Tissue inducer (LTi) cells, cytotoxic NK cells and non-cytotoxic helper ILC1s, ILC2s and ILC3s. So far, the main focus has been on the potent cytokine production by helper ILCs and their plastic nature that allows them to switch function and phenotype upon environmental changes. Recent advances in the field indicate the presence of cytotoxic helper ILCs that are distinct from conventional NK cells. In humans, these cytotoxic ILCs can develop from conventional helper ILCs whereas in mice this remains to be elucidated. In this review we discuss the identification, development and function of cytotoxic helper ILCs subsets in humans and mice
NK cells and type 1 innate lymphoid cells: partners in host defense.
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are effectors and regulators of innate immunity and tissue modeling and repair. Researchers have identified subsets of ILCs with differing functional activities, capacities to produce cytokines and transcription factors required for development and function. Natural killer (NK) cells represent the prototypical member of the ILC family. Together with ILC1s, NK cells constitute group 1 ILCs, which are characterized by their capacity to produce interferon-γ and their functional dependence on the transcription factor T-bet. NK cells and ILC1s are developmentally distinct but share so many features that they are difficult to distinguish, particularly under conditions of infection and inflammation. Here we review current knowledge of NK cells and the various ILC1 subsets
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NK cells and type 1 innate lymphoid cells: partners in host defense.
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are effectors and regulators of innate immunity and tissue modeling and repair. Researchers have identified subsets of ILCs with differing functional activities, capacities to produce cytokines and transcription factors required for development and function. Natural killer (NK) cells represent the prototypical member of the ILC family. Together with ILC1s, NK cells constitute group 1 ILCs, which are characterized by their capacity to produce interferon-γ and their functional dependence on the transcription factor T-bet. NK cells and ILC1s are developmentally distinct but share so many features that they are difficult to distinguish, particularly under conditions of infection and inflammation. Here we review current knowledge of NK cells and the various ILC1 subsets
Transcriptional control of innate lymphoid cells
Cells that belong to the family of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) not only form a first line of defense against invading microbes, but also play essential roles in tissue remodeling and immune pathology. Ror?t+ ILCs, producing the cytokines IL-22 and IL-17, include lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells which are critical for the formation of lymphoid structures. Recently another ILC subset has been identified, which is dependent on RORa for its development and is dedicated to the production of the Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13. These ILCs have been termed type 2 ILCs. All ILC subets are considered to belong to the same family that also includes natural killer cells because they all rely on the common ?-chain (?c) of the IL-2 receptor for their development and function, share a lymphoid morphology and depend on the transcriptional repressor Id2 for their development. Other transcription factors, including Notch, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in ROR?t+ ILCs and GATA3 in type 2 ILCs, also play roles in the development, survival, and function of these ILC subpopulations. Here we review the current knowledge with regard to the transcription factors involved in the development and functions of ILC