Система управления электропривода электромобиля

Объектом работы является исследование системы управления электродвигателя электромобиля. Целью работы является расчёт и выбор электрооборудования электромобиля,а также моделирование режимов работы. Дано теоретическое обоснование выбора тягового двигателя.Составлена общая информация о системе управления электропривода. Проведено исследование эффективности разработанных систем и их динамических и энергетических характеристик на основе математического пакета MATLAB.The object of the work is to study the control system of the electric motor. The purpose of the work is the calculation and selection of electrical equipment of the electric vehicle,as well as the modeling of operating modes. The theoretical justification of the choice of the traction motor is given.The General information about the control system of the electric drive is made. The study of the efficiency of the developed systems and their dynamic and energy characteristics on the basis of the mathematical package MATLAB

Evidence for a magnesium-insensitive membrane resistance increase during NMDA-induced depolarizations in rat neocortical neurons in vitro

The responses of rat neocortical neurons in vitro to iontophoretically applied N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) were investigated by means of intracellular recording in the presence and absence of extracellular magnesium ions (Mg2+). At Mg2+-concentrations of 1.3 mM the neurons responded with a depolarization accompanied by an increase in membrane resistance. Upon removal of Mg2+ the NMDA-induced depolarization was markedly potentiated. However, even in neurons recorded from slices which were incubated in a Mg2+-free solution for 3–7 h, the NMDA response was still associated with a resistance increase, suggesting that the voltage-dependence of the NMDA-activated conductance is not exclusively determined by Mg2+

Self-reported asthma and allergies in top athletes compared to the general population - results of the German part of the GA2LEN-Olympic study 2008

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Prevalence of asthma and allergies in top athletes is high. However, most previous studies did not include a general population comparison group. We aimed to compare the prevalence of asthma, allergies and medical treatment in different groups of German top athletes to the general population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Prior to the 2008 Summer Olympic Games, 291 German candidates for participation (65%) completed a questionnaire on respiratory and allergic symptoms. Results were compared to those of a general population study in Germany (n = 2425, response 68%). Furthermore, associations between types of sports and the self-reported outcomes were calculated. All models were adjusted for age, sex, level of education and smoking.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Athletes reported significantly more doctors' diagnosed asthma (17% vs. 7%), more current use of asthma medication (10% vs. 4%) and allergic rhinitis (25% vs. 17%) compared to the general population. After adjustment, top athletes only had an increased Odds Ratio for doctor's diagnosed asthma (OR: 1.6; 95% CI 1.1-2.5). Compared to the general population, athletes in endurance sports had an increased OR for doctor's diagnosed asthma (2.4; 1.5-3.8) and current use of asthma medication (1.8; 1.0-3.4). In this group, current wheeze was increased when use of asthma medication was taken into account (1.8; 1.1-2.8). For other groups of athletes, no significantly increased ORs were observed.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Compared to the general population, an increased risk of asthma diagnosis and treatment was shown for athletes involved in endurance sports. This might be due to a better medical surveillance and treatment of these athletes.</p

Analysis of aberrantly methylated sequnces in circulating DNA from blood of patients with lung cancer

Malignant cell transformation is accompanied by two processes of DNA methylation changes: promoter hypermethylation of specific genes and hypomethylation of retrotransposons. The composition of circulating DNA (cirDNA) from plasma and cell-surface-bound circulating DNA (csb-cirDNA) was shown earlier to be altered in the blood of cancer patients due to accumulation of tumor-specific aberrantly methylated DNA fragments, which are currently considered valuable cancer markers. The present study compares LINE-1 retrotransposon methylation patterns in plasma cirDNA and csb-cirDNA from untreated lung cancer patients (LC) and healthy donors. Concentrations of methylated LINE-1 region 1 copies (LINE-1met) were assayed by real-time methylation-specific PCR. In order to normalize the LINE-1 methylation level, the LINE-1 region 2 concentration was evaluated, which was independent of the methylation status (LINE-1Ind). We recorded an statistically significant increase of the LINE-1 methylation index determined as (LINE-1met/LINE-1Ind) due to the profound LINE-1Ind decrease (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.005). Plasma cirDNA demonstrated no difference in the ratio LINE-1met/LINE-1Ind between LC patients and healthy donors (p = 0.40). The data obtained agree with our earlier results, which showed that csb-cirDNA was a highly informative material for lung cancer diagnostics

Well-based, Geochemical Leakage Monitoring of an Aquifer Immediately Above a CO2 Storage Reservoir by Stable Carbon Isotopes at the Ketzin Pilot Site, Germany

AbstractWe measured dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) stable isotopes (813CDIC in ‰) of brine from an observation well within the first aquifer above the CO2 reservoir at the Ketzin pilot site, to test weather these can detect potential CO2 leakage. The monitoring revealed that DIC concentrations and 813CDIC values were masked by the used high alkaline drilling mud, even eight months after well development. However, subsequent changes in 813CDIC and DIC from of -27 ‰ and 165mg L−1 to -23.5 ‰ and 116mg L−1 reflect most likely a shift towards pristine values of the aquifer

Methodical Implementation Of Digital Data Consistency In Assembly Lines Of A Learning Factory

The possibility of acquiring data in production and manufacturing processes is almost limitless. But especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) lack the knowledge to successfully integrate digital tools and use real-time production data for critical decision-making. Numerous initiatives already exist to inform and support SMEs in Germany, funded at various levels by municipal, federal, and state entities. These initiatives offer expertise in digitalisation and provide diverse activities to support SMEs across different industrial sectors. To make abstract concepts such as artificial intelligence (AI) or digitalisation more tangible, demonstrations and practical best practice showcases demonstrate methodological approaches for facilitating independent implementation initiatives within SMEs. However, most of these activities primarily showcase rudimentary and isolated technological implementations, with limited integration into the complex environment of a manufacturing company. This paper focuses on a holistic methodical brownfield implementation of a demonstrator for digital data consistency in an assembly line of a learning factory by applying an extended methodology for implementing demonstrators and its validation by industrial participants. It stresses the complexity of production data acquisition in a practical environment and illustrates a best-practice showcase. Key performance indicators are visualized by acquiring, storing, and cross-linking data points. The demonstrator is implemented and evaluated by SMEs' representatives, to show promising potential for sustainable knowledge transfer into the SMEs

Surrogate-based Bayesian Comparison of Computationally Expensive Models: Application to Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation

Geochemical processes in subsurface reservoirs affected by microbial activity change the material properties of porous media. This is a complex biogeochemical process in subsurface reservoirs that currently contains strong conceptual uncertainty. This means, several modeling approaches describing the biogeochemical process are plausible and modelers face the uncertainty of choosing the most appropriate one. Once observation data becomes available, a rigorous Bayesian model selection accompanied by a Bayesian model justifiability analysis could be employed to choose the most appropriate model, i.e. the one that describes the underlying physical processes best in the light of the available data. However, biogeochemical modeling is computationally very demanding because it conceptualizes different phases, biomass dynamics, geochemistry, precipitation and dissolution in porous media. Therefore, the Bayesian framework cannot be based directly on the full computational models as this would require too many expensive model evaluations. To circumvent this problem, we suggest performing both Bayesian model selection and justifiability analysis after constructing surrogates for the competing biogeochemical models. Here, we use the arbitrary polynomial chaos expansion. We account for the approximation error in the Bayesian analysis by introducing novel correction factors for the resulting model weights. Thereby, we extend the Bayesian justifiability analysis and assess model similarities for computationally expensive models. We demonstrate the method on a representative scenario for microbially induced calcite precipitation in a porous medium. Our extension of the justifiability analysis provides a suitable approach for the comparison of computationally demanding models and gives an insight on the necessary amount of data for a reliable model performance

Гидроимпульсный силовой механизм сваебойной машины в условиях обустройства месторождений

AbstractObjectivesThis study sought to evaluate whether objective assessment of the myocardial functional reserve, using strain rate imaging (SRI), allows accurate detection of viable myocardium.BackgroundStrain rate imaging is a new echocardiographic modality that allows quantitative assessment of segmental myocardial contractility.MethodsIn 37 patients (age 58 ± 9 years) with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction, myocardial viability was assessed using low-dose (10 μg/kg body weight per min) two-dimensional dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE), tissue Doppler imaging, SRI and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). The peak systolic tissue Doppler velocity and peak systolic myocardial strain rate were determined at baseline and during low-dose dobutamine stress from the apical views.ResultsA total of 192 segments with dyssynergy at rest were classified by 18FDG PET as viable in 94 and nonviable in 98. An increase of peak systolic strain rate from rest to dobutamine stimulation by more than −0.23 1/s allowed accurate discrimination of viable from nonviable myocardium, as determined by 18FDG PET with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 84%. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed an area under the curve for prediction of nonviable myocardium, as determined by 18FDG PET using SRI, of 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88 to 0.90), whereas the area under the ROC curve using tissue Doppler imaging was 0.63 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.65).ConclusionsThe increase in the peak systolic strain rate during low-dose dobutamine stimulation allows accurate discrimination between different myocardial viability states. Strain rate imaging is superior to two-dimensional DSE and tissue Doppler imaging for the assessment of myocardial viability

Molecular analysis of desmoid tumors with a high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism array identifies new molecular candidate lesions

Background: Desmoid tumors are neoplastic proliferations of connective tissues. The mutation status of the gene coding for catenin (cadherin-associated protein) beta 1 (CTNNB1) and trisomy 8 on the chromosomal level have been described to have prognostic relevance. Patients and Methods: In order to elucidate new molecular mechanisms underlying these tumors, we carried out a molecular analysis with a genome-wide human high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, in 9 patients. Results: Single samples showed numerical aberrations on chromosomes (Chrs) 20 and 6 with either trisomy 20 or monosomy 6. No trisomy 8 could be detected. Recurrent heterozygous deletions were found in Chr 5q (including the APC gene locus, n = 3) and Chr 8p23 (n = 4, containing coding regions for the potential tumor suppressor gene CSMD1). This novel deletion in 8p23 showed an association with local recurrence. In addition, structural chromosomal changes (gain of Chrs 8 and 20) were found in a minority of cases. Conclusion: The genomic alteration affecting the candidate gene CSMD1 could be important in the development of desmoid tumors