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Galactic cosmic ray hydrogen spectra and radial gradients in the inner heliosphere measured by the HELIOS Experiment 6
Context: The HELIOS solar observation probes provide unique data regarding
their orbit and operation time. One of the onboard instruments, the Experiment
6 (E6), is capable of measuring ions from 4 to several hundred MeV/nuc.
Aims: In this paper we aim to demonstrate the relevance of the E6 data for
the calculation of galactic cosmic ray (GCR), anomolous cosmic ray (ACR), and
solar energetic particle (SEP) fluxes for different distances from the sun and
time periods.
Methods: Several corrections have been applied to the raw data: determination
of the Quenching factor of the scintillator, correction of the temperature
dependent electronics, degradation of the scintillator as well as the effects
on the edge of semi-conductor detectors.
Results: Fluxes measured by the E6 are in accordance with the force field
solution for the GCR and match models of the anomalous cosmic ray propagation.
GCR radial gradients in the inner heliosphere show a different behaviour than
in the outer heliosphereComment: 8 pages, 10 figure
EMPIRE: a highly parallel semiempirical molecular orbital program: 2: periodic boundary conditions
On the asymptotics of the -Farey transfer operator
We study the asymptotics of iterates of the transfer operator for
non-uniformly hyperbolic -Farey maps. We provide a family of
observables which are Riemann integrable, locally constant and of bounded
variation, and for which the iterates of the transfer operator, when applied to
one of these observables, is not asymptotic to a constant times the wandering
rate on the first element of the partition . Subsequently, sufficient
conditions on observables are given under which this expected asymptotic holds.
In particular, we obtain an extension theorem which establishes that, if the
asymptotic behaviour of iterates of the transfer operator is known on the first
element of the partition , then the same asymptotic holds on any
compact set bounded away from the indifferent fixed point
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