Socioeconomic determinants of participation in cancer screening in Argentina: A cross-sectional study

Low socioeconomic status is associated with late cancer diagnosis and mortality in Argentina. It is important that cancer screening services are accessible to the whole population so that cancer can be detected early. Our aim in this study was to investigate socioeconomic determinants for the disparities in the use of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening services in Argentina, and to measure the country progress in reducing differences in cancer screening participation across socioeconomic levels. We performed a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2018 National Survey of Risk Factors of Argentina. The sample included data from 49,170 households. We also compared the results with data from the 2013 wave of the same survey in order to assess progress on cancer screening participation across income and education categories. Income, education, health insurance, disability, and marital status were associated with cancer screening underuse in Argentina. Comparison between 2013 and 2018 demonstrated that there has been some progress towards increasing cancer screening uptake, but this increase is not equitably distributed across the population. To further reduce disparities in cancer participation across socioeconomic levels, cancer screening programs in Argentina should reinforce strategies to become more accessible to all. It is important to proactively reach those populations that are underusers of cancer screening and ensure that barriers that stop people from accessing cancer screening are explored and adequately addressed

Socioeconomic determinants of cancer screening utilisation in Latin America: A systematic review

Introduction Cancer incidence and mortality in Latin America are rising. While effective cancer screening services, accessible to the whole population and enabling early cancer detection are needed, existing research shows the existence of disparities in screening uptake in the region. Objective We conducted a systematic review to investigate the socioeconomic determinants for the disparities in the use of breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening services in Latin America. Methods We searched for studies reporting on socioeconomic determinants impacting on access to breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening, published from 2009 through 2018. The studies that qualified for inclusion contained original analyses on utilisation of breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening across socioeconomic levels in Latin America. For each study, paired reviewers performed a quality analysis followed by detailed review and data extraction. Results Twenty-four articles that met the eligibility criteria and were of sufficient quality were included in this review. Thirteen of the included articles were written in English, eight in Portuguese and three in Spanish, and they reported on the use of breast or cervical cancer screening. No studies were found on the socioeconomic determinants regarding the utilisation of colorectal cancer screening in Latin America. Low income, low education level, lack of health insurance and single marital status were all found to be determinants of underuse of breast and cervical cancer screening services. Conclusions Cancer screening programs in the region must prioritize reaching those populations that underuse cancer screening services to ensure equitable access to preventive services. It is important to develop national screening programmes that are accessible to all (including uninsured people) through, for example, the use of mobile units for mammography and self-screening methods

Mammography Services Quality Assurance: Baseline Standards for Latin America and the Caribbean

Fil: Barr, Helen. No especifíca;Fil: Blanco, Susana Alicia Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Ministerio de Salud. Instituto Nacional del Cáncer; ArgentinaFil: Butler, Priscilla. No especifíca;Fil: da Paz, María Angela. No especifíca;Fil: Fleitas, Ileana. No especifíca;Fil: Craig, George. No especifíca;Fil: Jimenez, Pablo. No especifíca;Fil: Luciani, Silvana. No especifíca;Fil: Manrique, Javier. No especifíca;Fil: Mazal, Jonathan. No especifíca;Fil: Medlen, Kayiba. No especifíca;Fil: MIller, Colie. No especifíca;Fil: Mora, Patricia. No especifíca;Fil: Valdez Moreno, Martha Elena. No especifíca;Fil: Mosodeen, Murrie. No especifíca;Fil: Mysler, Gustavo. No especifíca;Fil: Nuche-Berenguer, Bernardo. No especifíca;Fil: Pastel, Mary. No especifíca;Fil: Pinochet, Miguel. No especifíca;Fil: Sisney, Gale. No especifíca;Fil: Ruiz Trejo, Cesar. No especifíca;Fil: Saraiya, Mona. No especifíca;Fil: Solis, Esteban. No especifíca;Fil: Swann, Phillip. No especifíca

Efecto de GLP-1 y EX-4 sobre el metabolismo óseo, en estados de resistencia a insulina y diabetes: mecanismos de acción

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología. Fecha de lectura: 19-06-200

Readiness of Sub-Saharan Africa Healthcare Systems for the New Pandemic, Diabetes: A Systematic Review

Background. Effective health systems are needed to care for the coming surge of diabetics in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Objective. We conducted a systematic review of literature to determine the capacity of SSA health systems to manage diabetes. Methodology. We used three different databases (Embase, Scopus, and PubMed) to search for studies, published from 2004 to 2017, on diabetes care in SSA. Results. Fifty-five articles met the inclusion criteria, covering the different aspects related to diabetes care such as availability of drugs and diagnostic tools, the capacity of healthcare workers, and the integration of diabetes care into HIV and TB platforms. Conclusion. Although chronic care health systems in SSA have developed significantly in the last decade, the capacity for managing diabetes remains in its infancy. We identified pilot projects to enhance these capacities. The scale-up of these pilot interventions and the integration of diabetes care into existing robust chronic disease platforms may be a feasible approach to begin to tackle the upcoming pandemic in diabetes. Nonetheless, much more work needs to be done to address the health system-wide deficiencies in diabetes care. More research is also needed to determine how to integrate diabetes care into the healthcare system in SSA

The Src kinase Yes is activated in pancreatic acinar cells by gastrointestinal hormones/neurotransmitters, but not pancreatic growth factors, which stimulate its association with numerous other signaling molecules

For growth factors, cytokines, G-protein-coupled receptors and numerous other stimuli, the Src Family of kinases (SFK) play a central signaling role. SFKs also play an important role in pancreatic acinar cell function including metabolism, secretion, endocytosis, growth and cytoskeletal integrity, although the specific SFKs involved are not fully known. In the present study we used specific antibodies for the SFK, Yes, to determine its presence, activation by pancreatic secretagogues or growth factors, and interaction with cellular signaling cascades mediated by CCK in which Yes participates in to cause acinar cell responses. Yes was identified in acini and secretagogues known to activate phospholipase C (PLC) [CCK, carbachol, bombesin] as well as post-receptor stimulants activating PKC [TPA] or mobilizing cellular calcium [thapsigargin/calcium ionophore (A23187)] each activated Yes. Secretin, which activates adenylate cyclase did not stimulate Yes, nor did pancreatic growth factors. CCK activation of Yes required both high- and low-affinity CCK1-receptor states. TPA-/CCK-stimulated Yes activation was completely inhibited by thapsigargin and the PKC inhibitor, GF109203X. CCK/TPA stimulated the association of Yes with focal adhesion kinases (Pyk2, FAK) and its autophosphorylated forms (pY397FAK, pY402Pyk2). Moreover, CCK/TPA stimulated Yes interacted with a number of other signaling proteins, including Shc, PKD, p130Cas, PI3K and PTEN. This study demonstrates that in rat pancreatic acini, the SFK member Yes is expressed and activated by CCK and other gastrointestinal hormones/neurotransmitters. Because its activation results in the direct activation of many cellular signaling cascades that have been shown to mediate CCK's effect in acinar cell function our results suggest that it is one of the important pancreatic SFKs mediating these effects. © 2012