PÚRPURA TROMBOCITOPÊNICA IDIOPÁTICA

A Púrpura Trombocitopênica Idiopática (PTI) é uma doença autoimune, que afeta diretamente as plaquetas, sua causa ainda se mantém desconhecida. A veemência dos sintomas pode variar de um individuo para outro, podendo manifestar-se de forma assintomática ou de forma grave. Para diagnosticar um doente de Púrpura, o médico hematologista deve solicitar exames que possam excluir doenças mais graves como, por exemplo, Leucemias,HIV/AIDS e algumas infecções por vírus, pois estas também podem deixar o indivíduo imunodeprimido e consequentemente reduzir o número de plaquetas do sangue

Pulmonary Abnormalities in Mice with Paracoccidioidomycosis: A Sequential Study Comparing High Resolution Computed Tomography and Pathologic Findings

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a fungal infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. It occurs preferentially in rural workers in whom the disease is severe and may cause incapacitating pulmonary sequelae. Assessment of disease progression and treatment outcome normally includes chest x-rays or CT studies. Existing experimental PCM models have focused on several aspects, but none has done a radiologic or image follow-up evaluation of pulmonary lesions considered as the fungus primary target. In this study, the lungs of mice infected with fungal conidia were studied sequentially during the chronic stage of their experimental mycosis by noninvasive high resolution medical computed tomography, and at time of sacrifice, also by histopathology to characterize pulmonary abnormalities. Three basic lung lesion patterns were revealed by both techniques: nodular-diffuse, confluent and pseudo-tumoral which were located mainly around the hilus thus accurately reflecting the situation in human patients. The experimental design of this study decreases the need to sacrifice a large number of animals, and serves to monitor treatment efficacy by means of a more rational approach to the study of human pulmonary diseases. The findings we are reporting open new avenues for experimental research, increase our understanding of the mycosis pathogenesis and consequently have repercussions in patients' care

Trematode embryology: a new method for whole-egg analysis by confocal microscopy

Submitted by Gentil Jeorgina ([email protected]) on 2012-07-30T18:42:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Trematode embryology.pdf: 232906 bytes, checksum: 5b0d25998013219fe84f9db65bdc12f4 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-30T18:42:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Trematode embryology.pdf: 232906 bytes, checksum: 5b0d25998013219fe84f9db65bdc12f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Medicina Tropical. Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilTrematode worms have the neoophoran mode of development in which several specialized vitelline cells surround the zygote. This vitelline cell mass appears just before the zygote passes through the ootype, a thickening of the oviduct, where the egg shell is formed. The great amount of vitelline material blurs the visualization of embryo development in whole egg seen by brightfield microscopy. The eggshell is difficult to cut into thin or ultrathin sections and acts as a barrier to fixation and infiltration with embedding media. The egg shell is also brightly fluorescent when analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. To overcome these technical disadvantages a simple staining protocol widely used in adult helminth morphological analysis was adapted for the study of the embryonic development of two different trematode species. The effects of potassium hydroxide as bleach and ethylene glycol as mounting medium were also evaluated. Confocal microscopy allowed virtual sectioning of whole-mounted eggs and made possible internal morphological detailed analysis of different embryonic stages. This method could contribute to the study of helminth egg embryology

Aplicação de substituto de pele em oncologia cutânea: estudo experimental com derme acelular e ceratinócitos cultivados

FUNDAMENTOS: As neoplasias malignas da pele de grandes dimensões apresentam dificuldades de reconstrução após a excisão. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a exeqüibilidade de uma nova proposta de cobertura para feridas cirúrgicas criadas após a ressecção de grandes tumores cutâneos, a combinação da derme acelular humana com epitélio autólogo cultivado. MÉTODOS: A aplicação dos substitutos de pele foi feita em quatro pacientes com área de implante variando de 33 a 120 cm2. Além da observação dos resultados clínicos, realizou-se estudo morfológico para avaliação da integração dos implantes. RESULTADOS: Ceratinócitos autólogos cultivados foram enxertados em dois pacientes e não demonstraram integração. A derme acelular foi aplicada em quatro pacientes, sendo que em um deles foram feitas duas aplicações. Dos cinco implantes de derme acelular realizados, dois não apresentaram integração, em dois a integração foi de 70%, e de 50% no último. CONCLUSÃO: A cobertura imediata e definitiva de defeitos cirúrgicos através da aplicação de derme acelular humana combinada com epitélio autólogo cultivado é exeqüível. Em oncologia cutânea apenas em situações especiais o uso de substitutos de pele pode ser conveniente no sentido de evitar reconstruções mais complexas

Synthesis and mobilization of glycogen and trehalose in adult male

15 p. : il.The vector of Chagas’ disease, Rhodnius prolixus, feeds exclusively on blood. The blood meals are slowly digested, and these insects wait some weeks before the next meal. During the life of an insect, energy-requiring processes such as moulting, adult gonadal and reproductive growth, vitellogenesis, muscular activity, and fasting, lead to increased metabolism. Carbohydrates are a major source of energy and their mobilization is important. We determined the amounts of glycogen, trehalose, and glucose present in the fat body and/or hemolymph of adult males of R. prolixus and recorded the processes of accumulation and mobilization of these carbohydrates. We also tested our hypothesis that these processes are under endocrine control. The amount of glycogen in the fat body progressively increased until the fourth day after feeding (from 9.372.2 to 77.377.5 mg/fat body), then declined to values around 36.374.9 mg/fat body on the fifteenth day after the blood meal. Glycogen synthesis was eliminated in decapitated insects and headtransplanted insects synthesized glycogen. The amount of trehalose in the fat body increased until the sixth day after feeding (from 16. 671.7 to 40. 675.3 nmol/fat body), decreased abruptly, and stabilized between days 7 and 15 at values ranging around 15–19 nmol/fat body. Decapitated insects did not synthesize trehalose after feeding, and this effect was reversed in head-transplanted insects. The concentration of trehalose in the hemolymph increased after the blood meal until the third day (from 0.0770.01 to 0.7570.05 mM) and at the fourth day it decreased until the ninth day (0.2170.01 mM), when it increased again until the fourteenth day (0.7970.06 mM) after the blood meal, and then declined again. In decapitated insects, trehalose concentrations did not increase soon after the blood meal and at the third day it was very low, but on the fourteenth day it was close to the control values. The concentration of glucose in the hemolymph of untreated insects remained low and constant (0.1870.01 mM) during the 15 days after feeding, but in decapitated insects it progressively increased until the fifteenth day (2.0070.10 mM). We recorded the highest trehalase activity in midgut, which was maximal at the eighth day after feeding (2,8307320 nmol of glucose/organ/h). We infer that in Rhodnius prolixus, the metabolism of glycogen, glucose, and trehalose are controlled by factors from the brain, according to physiological demands at different days after the blood mea

Fibrosis: a distinguishing feature in the pathology of neural leprosy

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-09-12T13:57:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EuzenirSarno_BMOPascarelli_etal_IOC_2019.pdf: 7012036 bytes, checksum: 80a91976cc25ebbc73588d8930a7eac4 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-09-12T14:04:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EuzenirSarno_BMOPascarelli_etal_IOC_2019.pdf: 7012036 bytes, checksum: 80a91976cc25ebbc73588d8930a7eac4 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-12T14:04:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EuzenirSarno_BMOPascarelli_etal_IOC_2019.pdf: 7012036 bytes, checksum: 80a91976cc25ebbc73588d8930a7eac4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hanseníase. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hanseníase. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hanseníase. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hanseníase. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hanseníase. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Departamento de Patologia e Laboratórios. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hanseníase. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hanseníase. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hanseníase. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.BACKGROUND Fibrosis in the peripheral nerve is the end stage of leprous neuropathy and the cause of the resulting permanent neural function impairments. Preventive measures to avoid this irreversible pathological state are a relief strategy for leprosy sufferers. OBJECTIVES The present study describes the frequency of fibrosis along with its characterisation and pathogenic development. METHODS Six-hundred-and-thirteen nerve samples were sorted from 278 neural leprosy (NL) and 335 non-leprosy neuropathy patients (ON). The total number of samples was histologically examined by routine staining methods (haematoxylin-eosin, Wade staining and Gomori’s trichrome) and fibrosis was evaluated via semi-quantitative estimation. FINDINGS Fibrosis was most frequent in the NL group (33% against 0.4% in ON) while fibrosis in association with endoneurial microfasciculation was found in 38 (41.3%) of the NL samples in the examination of semithin sections. Pericytic activation in the perivascular environment was confirmed to be the source of the fibroblasts and perineurial cells delimiting microfascicles. Endstage fibrosis in leprosy displays an arrangement of microfascicles devoid of neural components (i.e., Schwann cells and axons) lined by an intermediate phenotype of fibroblastic-perineurial cells filled with bundles of collagen fibres. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The present study underscores that fibrosis is frequently the severe end stage of neural leprosy NL pathogeny after analysing the notably distinct development of fibrosis within the neural environment

The embryonic development of Schistosoma mansoni eggs: proposal for a new staging system

Submitted by Gentil Jeorgina ([email protected]) on 2012-07-18T17:41:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 The embryonic development of Schistosoma mansoni.pdf: 748130 bytes, checksum: f033be092ab04d0c3300206d02ce5804 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-18T17:41:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 The embryonic development of Schistosoma mansoni.pdf: 748130 bytes, checksum: f033be092ab04d0c3300206d02ce5804 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência. Oeiras, Portugal.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência. Oeiras, Portugal.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Esquistossomose Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Esquistossomose Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio Janeiro. Instituto de Microbiologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Esquistossomose Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Schistosomiasis is a water-borne parasitic illness caused by neoophoran trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. Using classical histological techniques and whole-mount preparations, the present work describes the embryonic development of Schistosoma mansoni eggs in the murine host and compares it with eggs maintained under in vitro conditions. Two pre-embryonic stages occur inside the female worm: the prezygotic stage is characterized by the release of mature oocytes from the female ovary until its fertilization. The zygotic stage encompasses the migration of the zygote through the ootype, where the eggshell is formed, to the uterus. Fully formed eggs are laid still undeveloped, without having suffered any cleavage. In the outside environment, eight embryonic stages can be defined: stage 1 refers to early cleavages and the beginning of yolk fusion. Stage 2 represents late cleavage, with the formation of a stereoblastula and the onset of outer envelope differentiation. Stage 3 is defined by the elongation of the embryonic primordium and the onset of inner envelope formation. At stage 4, the first organ primordia arise. During stages 5 to 7, tissue and organ differentiation occurs (neural mass, epidermis, terebratorium, musculature, and miracidial glands). Stage 7 is characterized by the nuclear condensation of neurons of the central neural mass. Stage 8 refers to the fully formed larva, presenting muscular contraction, cilia, and flame-cell beating. This staging system was compared to a previous classification and could underlie further studies on egg histoproteomics (morphological localizome). The differentiation of embryonic structures and their probable roles in granulomatogenesis are discussed herein

Bone marrow mononuclear cells attenuate interstitial fibrosis and stimulate the repair of tribular epithelial cells after unilateral ureteral obstruction

10 p. : il.The growing number of patients suffering from chronic renal disease is a challenge for the development of innovative therapies. Benefits of cell therapy in acute renal diseases in animal models have been reported but seldom for chronic lesions. We present evidence for the improvement of renal morphology in a model of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Wistar rats were submitted to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), treated with bone-marrow mononuclear cells (UUO+BMMC) infused via the cava vein, and killed on day 14. Labeled BMMC were seen in renal tissue after 7 days in the group UUO+BMMC. UUO+BMMC also showed a reduction in ED1+ cells and tubular apoptotic cells together with enhanced tubular proliferation. Myofibroblasts were also reduced after BMMC which is consistent with a decrease in collagen deposition (picro Sirius staining) and RT-PCR data showing lower levels of procollagen-I mRNA. Simultaneously, nestin+ cells increased in the interstitium and decreased in the tubules. Double stained nestin+/α-SMA+ cells were present only in the interstitium, and their levels did not change after BMMC infusion. These data indicate a renoprotective effect of BMMC through increased tubular cell regeneration, inhibition of tubular cell apoptosis and partially blocking of the inflammatory and fibrotic events that occur after unilateral ureteral obstruction