The Qafzeh 11 skull.

<p>a: norma facialis. b: norma inferior. c: norma superior. d: close-up view of the frontal lesion (healed fracture line is visible on the right side of the hole while fracturing lines above and below the hole are corresponding to post-mortem alteration). Black arrows on a and c indicate location of the lesion.</p

Partial view of the Qafzeh 11 burial showing the deposit of the red deer antlers in close contact with the child skeleton (cast).

<p>Partial view of the Qafzeh 11 burial showing the deposit of the red deer antlers in close contact with the child skeleton (cast).</p

Proportional endocranial volume (PEV) of specimens Qafzeh 11 and 10 plotted on modern PEV from identified immature osteological collection (Coqueugniot and Hublin, 2012).

<p>Arrows represent PEV variation range.</p

Virtual endocast of Qafzeh 11.

<p>A: norma frontalis. B: norma superior. C: left norma lateralis. D: right norma lateralis. E: norma basilaris.</p

Superior view of Qafzeh 11 3D reconstructed skull showing the depressed fracture on the frontal's right side.

<p>The skull vault appears in transparency and the virtual endocranial cast in pink. A: general view. B: close up view of the trauma area. 1: anterior part of the frontal bone depressed fracture penetrating the endocranial volume. 2: irregular shape of virtual endocranial surface indicating brain damage. 3: diastasis of the right coronal suture.</p

Supplementary Material Text, Figures and Tables from From number sense to number symbols: an archaeological perspective

Supplementary Materia