11 research outputs found

    DiversitĂ© floristique, structure et distribution des groupements vĂ©gĂ©taux des parcours d’accueil des transhumants dans la Basse et Moyenne VallĂ©e de l’OuĂ©mĂ© au BĂ©nin

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    La perte de la biodiversitĂ© vĂ©gĂ©tale, liĂ©e Ă  la dĂ©gradation des parcours est l’un des dĂ©fis pour les pays d’accueil des transhumants. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude visait Ă  analyser les caractĂ©ristiques structurales et la diversitĂ© floristique des groupements vĂ©gĂ©taux dans la Basse et Moyenne VallĂ©e de l’OuĂ©mĂ© (BMVO). Les donnĂ©es phytosociologiques, collectĂ©es dans 113 relevĂ©s selon la mĂ©thode de Braun-Blanquet (1932), ont Ă©tĂ© soumises Ă  une DCA avec le logiciel R 3.3.2. Ainsi, 173 espĂšces regroupĂ©es dans 127 genres et 45 familles ont Ă©tĂ©  recensĂ©es. Au total, 4 groupements vĂ©gĂ©taux ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s : les groupements GI Ă  Andropogon gayanus var squamulatus et Mitragyna inermis ; GII Ă  Paspalum notatum et Aeollanthus pubescens ; GIII Ă  Panicum maximum et Calopogonium mucunoides et le groupement vĂ©gĂ©tal GIV Ă  Tridax procumbens et Daniellia oliveri. La diversitĂ© floristique est liĂ©e Ă  la topographie, la nature du sol et son humiditĂ©, et l’intensitĂ© d’exploitation des terres. Les thĂ©rophytes et les phanĂ©rophytes ont Ă©tĂ© les plus abondants dans tous les groupements. Par contre, les hĂ©micryptophytes ont Ă©tĂ© plus dominants dans le groupement GI. Les espĂšces Ă  large distribution et Ă  distribution continentale ont Ă©tĂ© plus abondantes et dominantes dans tous les groupements. Cette recherche servira de base pour l’analyse de la dynamique de la vĂ©gĂ©tation des terres de parcours de la BMVO. Mots clĂ©s : Parcours, facteurs Ă©cologiques, types biologiques, types phytogĂ©ographiques, BĂ©nin

    Composition floristique et potentiel fourrager des principaux ligneux des parcours d’accueil des transhumants dans la Basse et Moyenne VallĂ©e de l’OuĂ©mĂ© en zone guinĂ©o-soudanienne du BĂ©nin

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    Objectifs: Les ligneux fourragers constituent une ressource alimentaire dans la zone d’accueille des bovins transhumants en saison sĂšche. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait d’inventorier les ligneux fourragers des parcours des transhumants de la Basse et Moyenne VallĂ©e de l’OuĂ©mĂ©, d’évaluer leur contribution pour l'alimentation des bovins transhumants en saison sĂšche et d’analyser leurs modes d’utilisation en vue de l'amĂ©lioration de la gestion de l'Ă©cosystĂšme.MĂ©thodologie et RĂ©sultats: Des suivis des troupeaux au pĂąturage ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©s pour identifier les principaux ligneux fourragers. Les mesures sur les ligneux ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es dans 181 placeaux de 50 m X 50 m installĂ©es au hasard selon le type de sol et de vĂ©gĂ©tation. La mĂ©thode non destructive Ă©tĂ© a utilisĂ©e pour Ă©valuer la biomasse foliaire. Pterocarpus santalinoides (Teck africain), Kigelia africana (Saucissonier), Lonchocharpus sericeus (Lilas du SĂ©nĂ©gal) Mitragyna inermis (Pied d’élĂ©phant), Daniellia oliveri (baumier d’Ilorin) et Vitex doniana (Prunier noir) Ă©taient les ligneux prĂ©sentant un grand intĂ©rĂȘt pastoral. La biomasse foliaire a variĂ© de 5 Ă  346,90 kg MS / ha et la capacitĂ© de charge de 0,003 Ă  0,185 unitĂ© de bĂ©tail tropical par hectare. Le mode d'exploitation des ligneux est basĂ© sur l'Ă©lagage des branches et l'abattage.Conclusions et application des rĂ©sultats: La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a montrĂ© que les ligneux fourragers tels que D. oliveri, K. africana, L. sericeus, M. inermis, P. santalinoides et V. doniana sont prioritaires pour l'alimentation des bovins transhumants pendant la saison sĂšche. Cependant, les modes d'utilisation et le surpĂąturage compromettent leur rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration naturelle. Il est nĂ©cessaire d'amĂ©liorer la gestion durable des pĂąturages afin de continuer Ă  alimenter le bĂ©tail pendant la saison sĂšche. Il est Ă©galement important de dĂ©velopper des moyens efficaces de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration de ces espĂšces ligneuses en utilisant des politiques de gestion participative des ressources mises en oeuvre pour assurer la durabilitĂ© des services sociaux et pastoraux.Mots clĂ©s: ligneux fourragers, caractĂ©ristique structurale, biomasse foliaire, capacitĂ© de charge, vĂ©gĂ©tation, BĂ©ninEnglish Title: Floristic composition and forage potential of the main tree fodder of transhumant rangeland in the Lower and Medium Oueme Valley in the Guineo-Sudanean zone of BeninEnglish AbstractObjectives: Tree forage is a feed resource in area receiving the transhumant ruminants, during the dry season. The objective of this study was to inventory fodder trees of the rangelands of the Lower and Mean Valley of Oueme, to evaluate their contribution to animal feeding and to analyze the modes of use in order for better management of the ecosystem.Methodology and Results: Grazing surveys were conducted to identify the main forage trees. The data were collected in 181 plots of 50 m X 50 m installed randomly according to type of soil and vegetation. The nondestructive method was used to evaluate tree leaf biomass. Fodder tree plants such as Pterocarpussantalinoides (African teak), Kigelia africana (Sausage tree), Lonchocharpus sericeus (Senegal lilac) Mitragyna inermis(Elephant foot), Daniellia oliveri (West African copal) and Vitex doniana (Black plum tree) have shown great pastoral interest. Leaf biomass varied from 5 to 346.90 kg MS / ha and carrying capacity from 0.003 to 0,185 Tropical Livestock Unit per ha. The mode of use of the trees leaves is based on the pruning of the branches and the felling.Conclusions and application of findings: The present study showed that the fodder trees such as D. oliveri, K. africana, L. sericeus, M. inermis, P. santalinoides, and V. doniana are priorities for rangelands feeding during dry season by transhumant farmer. However, the modes of use and the overgrazing of trees, compromise their natural regeneration. There is a need to improve sustainable management of rangelands in order to continue to feed the cattle during the dry season. So, it’s also important to develop effective means of regeneration of these woody species by using participatory resource management policies implemented to ensure sustainability of social and pastoral services.Keywords: Ligneous forage, structural characteristic, leaf biomass, carrying capacity, vegetation, Beni

    Effet de la salinité sur la floraison, la fructification et la qualité nutritionnelle des fruits du cultivar local Akikon de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) du Bénin

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    La tomate est l’un des lĂ©gumes les plus consommĂ©s au monde et au BĂ©nin. Il est largement Ă©tabli que la salinitĂ© agit nĂ©gativement sur la germination et la croissance et modifie considĂ©rablement la concentration des composĂ©s bioactives des lĂ©gumes. Au BĂ©nin, la tomate est cultivĂ©e partiellement sur les terres cultivables des rĂ©gions cĂŽtiĂšres oĂč la salinitĂ© du sol et de l’eau d’irrigation est une rĂ©alitĂ©. Cette Ă©tude visait Ă  Ă©valuer l’effet de la salinitĂ© sur la floraison, la fructification et la composition nutritionnelle des fruits de tomate du cultivar local Akikon. Les plantes de trois semaines ont Ă©tĂ© arrosĂ©es jusqu’à la maturitĂ© des fruits avec diverses concentrations de NaCl de 0, 30, 60 et 120 mM. La date d’apparition des premiĂšres fleurs, la date de maturation des fruits ainsi que les teneurs en protĂ©ines des fruits n’ont pas Ă©tĂ© significativement affectĂ©es par la salinitĂ© alors que le nombre de fruits par plante, le poids des fruits, les teneurs en sucres solubles totaux et en sucres rĂ©ducteurs subissent une rĂ©duction significative sous l’effet du NaCl. Par contre, les teneurs en lycopĂšne, en vitamines B6, B12 et C ont connu une augmentation significative avec l’augmentation de la concentration de NaCl. La salinitĂ© a donc rĂ©duit la production de tomate et amĂ©liorĂ© la qualitĂ© nutritionnelle des fruits en augmentant notamment ses teneurs en vitamines et en lycopĂšne.Mots clĂ©s: SalinitĂ©, teneur en nutriments, sucres, lycopĂšne, vitamines.   English title:Effect of salt stress on flowering, fructification and fruit nutritional quality of Benin local tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivar AkikonTomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the most important consumable vegetable in the world and in Benin. It is widely established that salinity acts negatively on germination and growth and considerably modifies the concentration of bioactive compounds in vegetables. In Benin, tomato is partially cultivated on arable lands in coastal regions where soil and irrigation water salinity is a reality. This study investigated the impact of salinity on flowering, fructification, and fruit nutrient contents of a local cultivar of tomato Akikon. Three weeks old plants were irrigated with four NaCl concentrations: 0; 30; 60 and 120 mM NaCl till fruit ripening. The date of first flower appearance, the date of fruit ripening and fruit protein content were not affected by salinity; whereas fruit number, fruit fresh mass, fruit soluble sugars and reducing sugars contents were significantly decreased by increasing salinity. Moreover, lycopen and vitamins B6, B12 and C contents increased significantly when salinity concentration increased. Thus, salinity reduced tomato productivity but improved fruit nutritional quality by mainly increasing vitamins and lycopen contents.Keywords: Salinity, nutrients content, lycopen, sugars, vitamins

    Effects of salinity stress on growth in relation to gas exchanges parameters and water status in amaranth ( Amaranthus cruentus )

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    Salinity is a major detrimental abiotic factor for plant growth. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of different NaCl concentrations on growth and some physiological parameters related to gas exchanges and water relations in amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) plants. Three weeks old amaranth plants from the cultivar ‘Locale’ were exposed in nutrient solution to 0, 30 or 90 mM NaCl (electrical conductivities of 1.915; 4.815 and 11.70 dS.m-1 respectively) in phytotron conditions. Shoot elongation as well as fresh and dry masses of shoot and root were determined after two weeks of stress exposure. Net photosynthesis (A), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), instantaneous transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), osmotic potential (ιs) as well as the efficiency of the instantaneous carboxylation (A/Ci), intrinsic (A/gs) and instantaneous (A/E) water use efficiency were estimated. Results reveal that salt stress induced a significant reduction in growth of aerial part as well as net photosynthesis, instantaneous transpiration, stomatal conductance and leaf and root osmotic potentials. In contrast, no significant reductions were recorded for root growth, shoot water content, intercellular CO2 concentration and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. However, a significant increase was observed for intrinsic (A/gs) and instantaneous (A/E) water use efficiency. The plant growth reduction observed hinges upon a drop in photosynthetic activity due mainly to stomatal closure. These data suggest that photosynthetic activity may be used as a reliable criterion for physiological estimation of salt-tolerance in A. cruentus cultivars

    Evolution des caractĂ©ristiques physico-chimiques de la graine et de l’huile de pourghĂšre (Jatropha curcas) en fonction du degrĂ© de maturitĂ© des fruits

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    Jatropha curcas est l’une des espĂšces vĂ©gĂ©tales identifiĂ©e dans les rĂ©gions tropicales comme prometteuse pour la production d’huile vĂ©gĂ©tale pure ou de biodiesel. L’influence du degrĂ© de maturitĂ© des fruits de pourghĂšre sur la qualitĂ© de la graine et de l’huile a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e afin d’élaborer les bonnes pratiques de rĂ©colte. Trois degrĂ©s de maturitĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© pris en compte : fruit vert-jaune, fruit entiĂšrement jaune et fruit entiĂšrement noir. Les paramĂštres physico-chimiques considĂ©rĂ©s sont la teneur en eau des graines, leur teneur en huile, l’aciditĂ© et la densitĂ© de l’huile. Les graines issues de fruits noirs ont prĂ©sentĂ© les caractĂ©ristiques les plus intĂ©ressantes avec une teneur en eau plus faible (9,25%), une teneur en huile plus Ă©levĂ©e (42,59%) et une aciditĂ© de l’huile plus faible (3,9%). Les graines issues des deux autres types de fruit ont prĂ©sentĂ© des teneurs en eau Ă©levĂ©es (> 25%), des teneurs en huile plus faibles (< 15%) avec des aciditĂ©s de l’huile plus Ă©levĂ©es (>25%) et des densitĂ©s plus faibles (< 0,90). Les caractĂ©ristiques physico-chimiques de la graine et de l’huile se sont amĂ©liorĂ©es pendant la maturation du fruit et atteignent leurs meilleures valeurs au niveau des fruits noirs exceptĂ© la densitĂ©.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clĂ©s: pignon d’Inde, rĂ©colte, huile vĂ©gĂ©tale pure, biodiesel, qualitĂ© de l’huile, BĂ©ninEnglish Title: Evolution of physico-chemical characteristics of seed and oil of jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) depending on the degree of maturity of fruitEnglish AbstractJatropha curcas L. is one of vegetable species identified in tropical countries like promising for pure vegetable oil production or biofuel. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of physic nut fruit (Jatropha curcas) maturity degree on seed and oil quality so to work out good practice of harvest. Three degrees of maturity were taken into account: green-yellow, entirely yellow and entirely black fruit. The physicchemical parameters considered are seeds water content, seeds oil content, oil acidity and density. According to the fruit degree of maturity, seeds resulting from black fruits showed the most interesting characteristics with the lowest moisture content (9.25%), the highest oil content (42.59%) and the weakest oil acidity (3.9%). The seeds resulting from the two other types of fruits showed higher moisture contents (> 25%), lower oil contents (<15%) with higher oil acidities (> 25%) and weaker densities (< 0.90). The physicochemical characteristics of seed and oil evolve during fruit maturation and reach their best values for black fruits excepted oil density. Thus, in the absence of good method of drying, black fruit is the best stage of harvest for the production of pure vegetable oil of good quality.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Jatropha curcas, harvest, oil content, acidity, quality, Beni

    Effet de diffĂ©rentes doses de bouse de vache, d’urine humaine et de leur combinaison sur la croissance vĂ©gĂ©tative et le poids des fruits de l’ananas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) au Sud BĂ©nin

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    Objectifs: L’ananas est un fruit tropical trĂšs apprĂ©ciĂ© et consommĂ© Ă  travers le monde. Dans le but de proposer aux producteurs d’ananas du Sud-BĂ©nin une formule de fertilisation organique efficace et peu onĂ©reuse, la prĂ©sente Ă©tude a examinĂ© les effets de diffĂ©rentes doses de bouse de vache, d’urine humaine et de leur combinaison sur la croissance vĂ©gĂ©tative et celle des fruits de l’ananas cultivĂ© suivant les normes biologiques.MĂ©thodologie et rĂ©sultats: Des plants d’ananas de trois mois de la variĂ©tĂ© "pain de sucre " ont Ă©tĂ© soumis, tous les trois mois jusqu’à la maturitĂ© physiologique, Ă  sept traitements : deux traitements T1-1 et T1-2 Ă  base de bouse de vache ; deux traitements T2-1 et T2-2 Ă  base d’urine humaine, deux traitements T3-1 et T3-2 Ă  base de combinaison des deux fertilisants et un tĂ©moin sans apport de fertilisant suivant un bloc alĂ©atoire complet Ă  sept traitements et quatre rĂ©pĂ©titions. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que les fertilisants utilisĂ©s ont amĂ©liorĂ© la croissance des plants et des fruits avec une diffĂ©rence significative entre les traitements.Conclusions et applications des rĂ©sultats: Les traitements T1-2 (bouse de vache Ă  310,56 g) et T3-2 (bouse de vache 155,28 g + urine humaine 28,1 g) ont donnĂ© la meilleure croissance des plants et/ou des fruits. Ainsi, ces deux traitements apparaissent comme les plus efficaces et peuvent ĂȘtre conseillĂ©s aux producteurs d’ananas biologique au niveau actuel des connaissances. Ces rĂ©sultats confirment l’importance de la bouse de vache et de l’urine dans la fertilisation du sol et rĂ©vĂšlent que l’utilisation de ces deux traitements permettra d’avoir des fruits d’ananas de bonne qualitĂ© aptes Ă  l’exportation. Toutefois, une Ă©tude approfondie de l’effet de ces fertilisants organiques sur la qualitĂ© nutritionnelle de l’ananas et de la rentabilitĂ© Ă©conomique de l’utilisation de ces fertilisants pour la production de l’ananas sont nĂ©cessaires pour une meilleure exploitation des rĂ©sultats.Mots clĂ©s: Ananas comosus, agriculture biologique, fertilisation, croissance des plants, croissance des fruits, BĂ©ninEnglish Title: Effect of different doses of cow’s dung, human urine and their combination on plant growth and fruit weight of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) in southern BeninEnglish AbstractObjectives: Pineapple is a tropical fruit much appreciated and consumed throughout the world. In order to propose an effective organic fertilization method to producers, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of different doses of excrements such as cow’s dung, human urine and their combination on the growth parameters and fruit weight of pineapple cultivated following organic standard.Methodology and Results: There-months old plants of the variety named “Pain de sucre” were submitted, every three months until physiological maturity, to seven treatments including two doses of cow’s dung (T1- 1 and T1-2) ; two doses of human urine (T2-1 and T2-2) ; two combinations of both excrements (T3-1 and T3-2) and control without any fertilization (T0) following a complete randomized block design with four repetitions. This study showed that the six treatments with excrements have improved plant growth and fruit weight with a significant difference among treatments.Conclusions and application of findings: Treatments T1-2 (cow’s dung 310.56 g) and T3-2 (cow’s dung 155.28 g + human urine 28.1 g) induced the highest plant and/or fruit growth. Thus, these two treatments appeared as the most effective and may be suggested to farmers for biological pineapple production in Southern Benin at this knowledge stage. These results confirm the importance of the cow’s dung and human urine in soil fertilization and reveal that the use of these two treatments will facilitate production of good quality pineapple suitable for exportation. However, a thorough study of the effect of these organic fertilizers on the nutritional quality of pineapple and the economic profitability of the use of these fertilizers for pineapple production are necessary for a better use of the results.Keywords: Ananas comosus, organic agriculture, cow’s dung, fertilization, human urin

    Salinity differently affects antioxidant content and amino acid profile in two cultivars of Amaranthus cruentus differing in salinity tolerance

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    BACKGROUND: Amaranthus cruentus is a promising leafy vegetable with high nutritional value and is able to cope with salt stress but the impact of NaCl on its main properties have not been studied in detail. Plants from two contrasting cultivars (Rouge: salt-tolerant and Locale: salt-sensitive) were exposed to NaCl (0, 30, 60 and 90 mM) in nutrient solution for two weeks. Plant growth, mineral content, oxidative status and antioxidant concentration, salicylic acid concentration, protein content and amino acid profile were analyzed in the harvested leaves. RESULTS: Low dose (30 mM NaCl) increased plant growth while Na+ accumulated to higher extent in salt-sensitive Locale than in salt-tolerant Rouge. 30 mM NaCl increased Mg, P and Fe content, as well as total antioxidant activity, ascorbate, phenolics, α-tocopherol and carotenoids content to higher extent in cv. Rouge than in cv. Locale. Low (30 mM) and moderate salinities (60 mM) increased γ-tocopherol and total protein in cv. Locale. They also increased lysine, valine, methionine and proline concentration as well as chemical score of protein in this cultivar. The highest NaCl (90 mM) dose had a detrimental impact on both cultivars. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that A. cruentus is a promising plant species for saline agriculture since moderate doses of salt improve both quantitative and qualitative parameters in cultivar dependent manne

    Effect of NaCl Salt Stress on Growth, Ions and Organic Solutes Contents in a Local Cultivar Kpinman of African Eggplant (Solanum macrocarpon L) in the Republic of Benin

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    Aims: This research has as objective to evaluate the effect of NaCl salt stress on African eggplant plant growth and to determine the implication of the accumulation of Na+, proline and soluble sugars and the reduction of K+ in the detrimental effect of NaCl in the growth of this plant species. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) having five treatments and three replications. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in screening house under natural  conditions at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Commune of Abomey-Calavi. Republic of Benin from June to august 2022. Methodology: Five NaCI concentrations (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mM) were used to irrigate four weeks old plants for two weeks. Plant growth, sodium (Na), potassium (K), proline, and soluble sugars contents of leaves and roots were determined at the end of the experiment. Results: Salt stress induced a significant reduction (P = .001) in shoot and root growth from 30 : 60 or 90 mM NaCI according to the growth parameter but had no impact on shoot water content. Leaf and roots Na+ contents significantly increased (P = .001) under salt stress whereas K+ content deoreased significantly (P = .05) only in root. Na change was observed for proline and soluble sugars contents in both leaf and root. Conclusion: Salt stress reduces the growth of plants of African eggplant due mainly to Na+ ion toxicity. The ionic selectivity ratio (K+/ Na+) rather than the K+ ion content plays an important role in the response of plants of African eggplant to salt stress. Proline and soluble sugars accumulation appeared not to intervene

    Évaluation de la rĂ©sistance Ă  la salinitĂ© au stade jeune plant de quelques cultivars de piment (Capsicum spp.) du Benin

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    Objectifs : La salinitĂ© est un facteur abiotique qui influe nĂ©gativement sur la physiologie des plantes. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă  Ă©valuer l’effet de diffĂ©rentes concentrations de NaCl (Chlorure de sodium) sur la croissance des plants de cinq cultivars (Adologbo, Gbatakin, TPS 0251, Gbatakin d’AgbĂ©dranfo et DĂ©mon) de piment (Capsicum spp) produits au BĂ©nin afin de dĂ©terminer leur niveau relatif de rĂ©sistance au stress salin.MĂ©thodologie et rĂ©sultats : Cinq concentrations de NaCl comprises entre 0 et 120 mM ont Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©es pendant deux semaines sur les plants de piment ĂągĂ©s de trois semaines dans un dispositif complĂ©tement randomisĂ© avec quatre rĂ©pĂ©titions. Les rĂ©sultats indiquent que l’effet du sel s’est traduit par une rĂ©duction des diffĂ©rents paramĂštres de croissance Ă©tudiĂ©s avec une diffĂ©rence significative entre les cultivars. Les rĂ©ductions observĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© moins accentuĂ©es chez le cultivar Gbatakin alors qu’elles ont Ă©tĂ© plus accentuĂ©es chez TPS 0251 et Adologbo. L’indice de tolĂ©rance au sel le plus Ă©levĂ© a Ă©tĂ© observĂ© chez le cultivar Gbatakin et le plus faible chez Adologbo et TPS 0251.Conclusion et applications des rĂ©sultats : Le stress salin rĂ©duit la  croissance des cinq cultivars de piment Ă©valuĂ©s quel que soit le paramĂštre de croissance pris en compte. Le cultivar Gbatakin maintient une meilleure croissance en prĂ©sence du NaCl avec l’indice de tolĂ©rance au sel le plus Ă©levĂ© et apparaĂźt de ce fait comme le plus rĂ©sistant des cinq cultivars testĂ©s tandis que les cultivars Adologbo et TPS 0251 qui prĂ©sentent les croissances les plus faibles en prĂ©sence de NaCl avec les indices de tolĂ©rance au sel les plus faibles sont les plus sensibles. A ce stade de nos rĂ©sultats, le cultivar Gbatakin peut ĂȘtre conseillĂ© aux producteurs des zones cĂŽtiĂšres ou affectĂ©es par la salinitĂ© tandis que les producteurs des autres zones peuvent produire tous les cultivars.Mots clĂ©s : Capsicum spp, croissance, NaCl, indice de tolĂ©rance au sel

    Response of Chili Pepper (Capsicum spp.) Cultivars Cultivated in Benin to Salt Stress at Germination Stage

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    Aims: In this study, salt resistance level of six chili (Capsicum spp.) cultivars including five local cultivars (Adologbo, Gbatakin, Pili-pili, Gbatakin d’AgbĂ©dranfo, TPS0251) and one imported variety (DĂ©mon) grown in Benin was evaluated at the germination stage. Study Design: The experiment was laid out as a completely randomized design with four replications. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Plant Physiologyand Abiotic Stresses Study of University of Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin from September through October, 2016. Methodology: Seeds were submitted to treatment with five NaCl concentrations (0; 30; 60; 90 and 120 mM NaCl) in petri dishes.Seed germination was checked every day during sixteen days incubation period. Four replicates of 40 seeds each were used. Results: From day 2 to day 16, NaCl delayed seed germination rate proportionately to NaCl concentration except for cultivars TPS0251 and DĂ©mon. At the end of the 16 days, NaCl stress effects on seed germination of cultivars were significantly variable. No significant reduction was observed for cultivars DĂ©mon and TPS0251 whereas a significant decrease was observed for the four other cultivars with a significant difference among them. The average reduction due to NaCl stress was lower for cultivars DĂ©mon (0%) and TPS0251 (4.31%) and higher for cultivar Pili-pili (63.61%). Salt Tolerance Index was significantly variable according to the cultivar with the highest values for cultivar DĂ©mon (1.227) and TPS0251 (1.127) and the weakest values for cultivars Pili-pili (0.374) and Gbatakin d’AgbĂ©dranfo (0.46). Conclusion: NaCl stress delayed seed germination and reduced the rate of final germination. Salt Tolerance Index was variable among the six cultivars: cultivars DĂ©mon and TPS0251 appeared to be the most salt resistant whereas Pili-pili and Gbatakin d’AgbĂ©dranfo appeared as the most salt sensitive at germination stage. For the first time, we demonstrated a variability of relative salinity resistance among local chili pepper cultivars at germination stage
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