Supuestos y efectos jurídicos de las autorizaciones administrativas para el trabajo de los extranjeros

El permiso de trabajo constituye el principal documento para la regularización laboral del trabajador extranjero en España. La Ley Orgánica 4/2000, de 11 de enero, en la redacción otorgada por la Ley Orgánica 8/2000, de 22 de diciembre, otorga importantes cambios en el significado jurídico de esta autorización administrativa. El presente estudio parte de los derechos laborales de los extranjeros en España y analiza los requisitos y condiciones para la obtención de las distintas clases de permisos, diseñados por el Real Decreto 864/2001, de 20 de julio. Se pasa, a continuación, a exponer la problemática jurídica de determinadas tipologías contractuales concertadas y se concluye con un estudio sobre los nuevos efectos de la falta del permiso de trabajo, desde una lectura jurisprudencial, en lo que respecta a los derechos laborales del trabajador extranjero y a la afiliación y cotización a la Seguridad Social

Controversias jurídicas en materia de Seguridad Social en la aplicación de la Ley 6/2017, de Reformas Urgentes del Trabajo Autónomo, y propuestas de mejora

The overwhelming majority of the active population provides services for SMEs, at the head of which is an independent worker, regardless of the legal form adopted by them. The best regulatory treatment that can be dispersed to such owners or legal representatives will have its corresponding counterpart, both in the creation and in the maintenance of their represented companies. After ten years of law 20/2007, of the Statute of autonomous work, as the first specific protective legal framework, period in which other provisions were also added in the 2015 LGSS, it is a propitious moment for critical reflection on its application and dogmatic balance, on the occasion of the approval of Law 6/2017, and through this study, improve, beyond the walls of the legislator’s complacency, the effectiveness of all that normative cast and solve certain interpretative and practical problems.La abrumadora mayoría de la población activa presta sus servicios para pymes, al frente de las cuales se encuentra un trabajador autónomo, con independencia de la forma jurídica que adopten aquellas. El mejor tratamiento normativo que pueda dispersarse a tales propietarios o representantes legales tendrá su correspondiente contrapartida tanto en la creación como en el mantenimiento de sus empresas representadas. Tras 10 años de vigencia de la Ley 20/2007, del Estatuto del trabajo autónomo, como primer marco legal específico protector, periodo en el que también se añadieron otras disposiciones refundidas en la Ley General de la Seguridad Social de 2015, es momento propicio para la reflexión crítica sobre su balance aplicativo y dogmático, con ocasión de la aprobación de la Ley 6/2017, y mediante el presente estudio, mejorar, extramuros de la complacencia del legislador, la eficacia de todo ese elenco normativo y solucionar determinados problemas interpretativos y prácticos

Double-walled carbon nanotubes trigger IL-1β release in human monocytes through Nlrp3 inflammasome activation

Because of their outstanding physical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising new materials in the field of nanotechnology. It is therefore imperative to assess their adverse effects on human health. Monocytes/macrophages that recognize and eliminate the inert particles constitute the main target of CNTs. In this article, we report our finding that double-walled CNTs (DWCNTs) synergize with Tolllike receptor agonists to enhance IL-1β release in human monocytes. We show that DWCNTs–induced IL-1β secretion is exclusively linked to caspase-1 and to Nlrp3 inflammasome activation in human monocytes. We also establish that this activation requires DWCNTs phagocytosis and potassium efflux, but not reactive oxygen specied (ROS) generation. Moreover, inhibition of lysosomal acidification or cathepsin-B activation reduces DWCNT-induced IL-1β secretion, suggesting that Nlrp3 inflammasome activation occurs via lysosomal destabilization. Thus, DWCNTs present a health hazard due to their capacity to activate Nlrp3 inflammasome, recalling the inflammation caused by asbestos and hence demonstrating that they should be used with caution. From the Clinical Editor: This is a very important biosafety/toxicity study regarding double walled carbon nanotubes. The investigators demonstrate that such nanotubes do represent a health hazard due to their capacity to activate Nlrp3 inflammasome, resembling the inflammation caused by asbestos. While further study of this phenomenon is definitely needed, the above findings clearly suggest that special precautions need to be taken when applying these nanoparticles in human disease research

Analytical Optimal Design of a Two-Phase Axial-Gap Transverse Flux Motor

Transverse flux motors (TFMs) are being investigated to be used in vehicle traction applications due to their high torque density. In this paper, a two-phase axial-gap transverse flux motor is designed for an electric scooter, proposing a novel analytical design method. First, the dimensioning equations of the motor are obtained based on the vehicle requirements, and the stationary dq model is calculated. Then, the motor is optimized using a multiobjective genetic algorithm, and finally a 3D-FEM verification is made. Both the motor structure and the design method aim to have a low complexity, in order to favor the sizing and manufacturing processes through a low computation time and simple core shapes. This approach has not yet been explored in axial-gap TFMs

A Review of Transverse Flux Machines Topologies and Design

High torque and power density are unique merits of transverse flux machines (TFMs). TFMs are particularly suitable for use in direct-drive systems, that is, those power systems with no gearbox between the electric machine and the prime mover or load. Variable speed wind turbines and in-wheel traction seem to be great-potential applications for TFMs. Nevertheless, the cogging torque, efficiency, power factor and manufacturing of TFMs should still be improved. In this paper, a comprehensive review of TFMs topologies and design is made, dealing with TFM applications, topologies, operation, design and modeling

Aspectos jurídicos de la subrogación empresarial de empresas de limpieza y sus efectos laborales

Desde la crisis económica de 2008, en nuestro país hubo un gran aumento de los servicios que se prestaban a la administración pública y esto trajo consigo que la subrogación adquiriera una gran importancia en el ámbito laboral.Esta importancia vino ligada con la problemática que se generó entre la empresa saliente y la empresa entrante en relación con la cesión de la plantilla, más si cabe a raíz del pronunciamiento del TJUE sobre este tema.Por esta problemática mencionada antes es interesante analizar la subrogación desde un punto de vista anterior y otro posterior a dicho pronunciamiento para si analizar y ver con claridad las dos realidades que nos deja este tema.<br /

Influence of Syncron® and Nitroactive® on flowering and ripening time in two sweet cherry cultivars

1 Pag. extracted from the Abstracts Book of the International Symposium.In this work, the influence of Syncron® and Nitroactive® on flowering and ripening is evaluated in two sweet cherry cultivars, Earlise and Lapins. A combination of Syncron 2% and Nitroactive 20% were applied at three dates during dormancy in two consecutive years with different winter weather conditions.Peer reviewe

A Comprehensive Analytical Sizing Methodology for Transverse and Radial Flux Machines

Transverse flux machines have the potential to offer high torque density in direct-drive vehicle traction applications. Besides, sizing equations are a wide-spread technique for transverse flux machines design, as their computational cost is much lower than the finite element method. In this paper a novel analytical sizing methodology for transverse and radial flux machines is presented, focusing on the current load and the pole length factor as the main design parameters. The motor specifications are intended for a light-duty electric vehicle application. As transverse flux machines have a single, hoop-shaped coil per phase that embraces the flux of all the pole pairs, their principle of operation and therefore their sizing equations differ from radial flux machines. The proposed analytical method allows to compare transverse and radial flux machines easily through a similarity analysis and a parametric study. Furthermore, the discrepancies between the analytical model and the finite element method are quantified and then included in previous equations. Then the analytical model is optimized with a multiobjective genetic algorithm in the final stage. According to the sizing methodology presented here, transverse flux machines have a superior performance than radial flux machines in terms of torque density and efficiency

Biomimetic nanocrystalline apatites: Emerging perspectives in cancer diagnosis and treatment

Nanocrystalline calcium phosphate apatites constitute the mineral part of hard tissues, and the synthesis of biomimetic analogs is now wellmastered at the labscale. Recent advances in the fine physicochemical characterization of these phases enable one to envision original applications in the medical field along with a better understanding of the underlying chemistry and related pharmacological features. In this contribution, we specifically focused on applications of biomimetic apatites in the field of cancer diagnosis or treatment. We first report on the production and first biological evaluations (cytotoxicity, proinflammatory potential, internalization by ZR751 breast cancer cells) of individualized luminescent nanoparticles based on Eudoped apatites, eventually associated with folic acid, for medical imaging purposes. We then detail, in a first approach, the preparation of tridimensional constructs associating nanocrystalline apatite aqueous gels and drugloaded pectin microspheres. Sustained releases of a fluorescein analog (erythrosin) used as model molecule were obtained over 7 days, in comparison with the ceramic or microsphere reference compounds. Such systems could constitute original bonefilling materials for in situ delivery of anticancer drug

La Irregularidad y el Fraude de Ley en la contratación temporal

Este trabajo pretende abordar el análisis y la diferenciación de las distintas transgresiones contractuales, mediante el estudio de sentencias y doctrina jurisprudencial, conocidas como irregularidad, abuso del derecho y fraude de Ley, que se dan en las diferentes modalidades de contratación temporal, y en concreto, del contrato por obra o servicio determinado, del contrato por circunstancias de la producción y del contrato de interinidad