A study examining the effects of changed rules of wrestling competitions on the muscular damage levels of the elite wrestlers

This study aims to examine the effects of changing rules of wrestling competitions on the elite wrestlers’ muscular damage levels. Twenty male wrestlers from the wrestling team established by the Izmir Metropolitan Municipality, which competes in the 1st Wrestling League, volunteered to take part in the research. The age average of the wrestlers was 20.4±2.8 years, their average age of sports 7.45±4.29 years, their height average 173,8 ±4,97 cm, and weight average 77.4 ±16.22 kg. Some blood samples of 5 cc each were taken from each wrestler’s forearm vein by means of the vacutainer (a closed blood taking system) for the two competitions separately before and after the competitions; and on 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours following the competitions in the research. For looking at the levels of Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), serums were obtained by centrifuging the blood samples those taken to determine the levels of the skeletal muscle damages of the wrestlers at 1000 RPM for 20 minutes. The enzyme levels of the blood samples (the serum of which was decomposed) were determined by the SIEMENS ADVIA biochemistry auto-analyzer using the SIEMENS kit. While the repetitive measurements were assessed via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Bonferroni testing was applied in order to determine from which measurement times the differences were originated. The Paired Samples-t testing, meanwhile, was performed in order to compare the blood samples collected from the athletes at same times for the both completed competitions having different rules. No significant difference was observed between AST and ALT values on the aminotransferase of the wrestlers according to two different rules (p˃0.05). Whereas significant differences were confirmed between the values of 48 hours after and 72 hours after the competition for the LDH values (p<0.05), no significant difference, on the other hand, were detected between other values (p˃0.05). Although significant differences were observed between the results obtained following competition and 72 hours after the competition for the CK values (p<0.05), there was no significant difference between other values (p˃0.05). Consequently, it was observed that when the wrestlers took part in two-day wrestling competitions, the basal values were reached 72nd hour after the competition, and no muscle damage remained, whereas when they took part in half-day wrestling competitions it was confirmed at the end of the 72nd hour that the LDH and CK levels of the wrestlers couldn’t come close to the basal and the muscle damage was present (p<0.05).This study aims to examine the effects of changing rules of wrestling competitions on the elite wrestlers’ muscular damage levels. Twenty male wrestlers from the wrestling team established by the Izmir Metropolitan Municipality, which competes in the 1st Wrestling League, volunteered to take part in the research. The age average of the wrestlers was 20.4±2.8 years, their average age of sports 7.45±4.29 years, their height average 173,8 ±4,97 cm, and weight average 77.4 ±16.22 kg. Some blood samples of 5 cc each were taken from each wrestler’s forearm vein by means of the vacutainer (a closed blood taking system) for the two competitions separately before and after the competitions; and on 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours following the competitions in the research. For looking at the levels of Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), serums were obtained by centrifuging the blood samples those taken to determine the levels of the skeletal muscle damages of the wrestlers at 1000 RPM for 20 minutes. The enzyme levels of the blood samples (the serum of which was decomposed) were determined by the SIEMENS ADVIA biochemistry auto-analyzer using the SIEMENS kit. While the repetitive measurements were assessed via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Bonferroni testing was applied in order to determine from which measurement times the differences were originated. The Paired Samples-t testing, meanwhile, was performed in order to compare the blood samples collected from the athletes at same times for the both completed competitions having different rules. No significant difference was observed between AST and ALT values on the aminotransferase of the wrestlers according to two different rules (p˃0.05). Whereas significant differences were confirmed between the values of 48 hours after and 72 hours after the competition for the LDH values (p<0.05), no significant difference, on the other hand, were detected between other values (p˃0.05). Although significant differences were observed between the results obtained following competition and 72 hours after the competition for the CK values (p<0.05), there was no significant difference between other values (p˃0.05). Consequently, it was observed that when the wrestlers took part in two-day wrestling competitions, the basal values were reached 72nd hour after the competition, and no muscle damage remained, whereas when they took part in half-day wrestling competitions it was confirmed at the end of the 72nd hour that the LDH and CK levels of the wrestlers couldn’t come close to the basal and the muscle damage was present (p<0.05)

Studying the serum ghrelin levels of the elite athletes and sedentary controls fasting at the time of Ramadan

The Ghrelin is produced primarily by enteroendocrine cells in the gastric mucosa, and increases gastric emptying in normal subjects. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in the Ghrelin level during different times along the day, and to assess the differences between the athletes and sedentary at the end of Ramadan fasting period of one month. The results indicated that there were no significant difference among the Ghrelin levels of athletes and sedentary during different times through the day (p>0.05). Significant differences were observed between pre- and post-tests mean Ghrelin scores of subjects (p<0.05) without making a separation as an athlete and sedentary. Also, the results indicated no significant difference between repeated Ghrelin measurements of athletes and sedentary (p>0.05). A significant and positive relationship was found in the middle level at the percentages of BMI and body fat of both groups. Moreover, there were significant differences among BMI scores (p<0.01) and body fat % (p<0.05) of the athletes and sedentary. Consequently, fasting during Ramadan did not cause any differentiation on the serum Ghrelin level of athletes and sedentary, but without group differentiation there was significant increase from the initial measurement to the last measurement of the serum Ghrelin level. There was a significant and positive relationship at middle level between BMI and body fat % of both groups of athletes and sedentary. There was a significant relationship, on the other hand, between BMI and repeated Ghrelin measurements of subjects.The Ghrelin is produced primarily by enteroendocrine cells in the gastric mucosa, and increases gastric emptying in normal subjects. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in the Ghrelin level during different times along the day, and to assess the differences between the athletes and sedentary at the end of Ramadan fasting period of one month. The results indicated that there were no significant difference among the Ghrelin levels of athletes and sedentary during different times through the day (p>0.05). Significant differences were observed between pre- and post-tests mean Ghrelin scores of subjects (p<0.05) without making a separation as an athlete and sedentary. Also, the results indicated no significant difference between repeated Ghrelin measurements of athletes and sedentary (p>0.05). A significant and positive relationship was found in the middle level at the percentages of BMI and body fat of both groups. Moreover, there were significant differences among BMI scores (p<0.01) and body fat % (p<0.05) of the athletes and sedentary. Consequently, fasting during Ramadan did not cause any differentiation on the serum Ghrelin level of athletes and sedentary, but without group differentiation there was significant increase from the initial measurement to the last measurement of the serum Ghrelin level. There was a significant and positive relationship at middle level between BMI and body fat % of both groups of athletes and sedentary. There was a significant relationship, on the other hand, between BMI and repeated Ghrelin measurements of subjects

The effects of thyme tea supplement on free radicals formation and antioxidant system of elite wrestlers

The intensive acute exercises results in too much oxygen consumption and hence produce excessive free radicals and damage of tissues. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of thyme tea on free radical formation and antioxidant system. Eighteen elite volunteer wrestlers joined the study. The wrestlers were randomly divided into two groups to from experiment and control groups. The subjects wrested five times during the study period according to F.I.L.A rules. The measurement are performed before and after the thyme tea loading. Study groups drunk thyme tea three times a day in 35 day period before loading after first measurement. The subjects participated in the study pre-contest (Comp. Before), immediately after the competition (Comp. After), 24 hours after the competition (Comp. after 24 h), 48 hours after the competition (Comp. After 48 h), blood samples were collected from forearm vein by 5cc total of 2 tubes. Tubes, centrifuge immediately after serums and transferred to tubes Eppendorf Total of Antioxidant o Capacity (TAC), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total sulfhydryl group (RSH) stored at the 75 C until determination of analysis. The results showed that no difference was noted between the values of the groups before the thyme loading process, a meaningful increase (p0.05). Whereas significant differences were found in the levels of MDA and TAC, after thyme loading, for the experimental group when compared to the control group (p<0.05), no meaningful difference was observed for the level of RSH. it is determined in the study that wrestling competition causes significant oxidant stress in wrestlers and increase total antioxidant capacity. However, it is detected that it makes nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity fall. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2013