Wax based emulsions for use in lipstick application

Water-in-oil emulsions have the potential to eradicate drying of the lips caused by constant lipstick application by improving moisturising properties and delivering hydrophilic molecules to the lips. To conduct this research, a food microstructure approach was utilised developing emulsion structures’ using either a batch or continuous process and monitoring the affect these structures had on physical and material properties. The lubricating properties of emulsions structures were then compared to a trained sensory panel. Finally the release behaviour of a moisturising agent was investigated. It was shown that the ingredients used to produce the microstructure are pivotal in indicating the melting profile, droplet size and material properties of the final structure. Specifically, when an aqueous phase is incorporated within a hard shell the elastic modulus increases as the aqueous phase become part of the wax network. The effect of lubrication showed that friction coefficient of a solid emulsion could be related to how smooth a lipstick would be perceived based on the Kokani Model. Finally, it was shown that the release of a moisturising agent is governed by the droplet size and the amount of destruction caused to the wax network

Surface molecular tailoring using pH-switchable supramolecular dendron-ligand assemblies

[Image: see text] The rational design of materials with tailored properties is of paramount importance for a wide variety of biological, medical, electronic and optical applications. Here we report molecular level control over the spatial distribution of functional groups on surfaces utilizing self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of pH-switchable surface-appended pseudorotaxanes. The supramolecular systems were constructed from a poly(aryl ether) dendron-containing a dibenzo[24]crown-8 (DB24C8) macrocycle and a thiol ligand-containing a dibenzylammonium recognition site and a fluorine end group. The dendron establishes the space (dendritic effect) that each pseudorotaxane occupies on the SAM. Following SAM formation, the dendron is released from the surface by switching off the noncovalent interactions upon pH stimulation, generating surface materials with tailored physical and chemical properties

Preparing Biological surfaces with well defined density and spatial distribution

The objective of this project is to fabricate a surface that is optimally spaced and well-defined, with respect to the molecular components to enable efficient binding from the surface. This binding will be done using supramolecular interactions and the steric bulk of dendrons (to achieve the spacing). In order to do this, the axle component of a pseudorotaxane complex would have to be synthesised and absorbed to the surface via covalent bonding (chemisorption) to create a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). This is spaced out by the steric bulk of the dendrons which is attached to the wheel component of the pseudorotaxane complex, that is hydrogen bonded to the axle. The pseudorotaxane complex will then disassemble by pH modulation leaving behind spatially separated chemisorbed axle components and simultaneously the vacant surface space will be filled with tri ethyelene glycol thiol terminated alkane thiol (TEGT) creating an optimally spaced SAM. The first part of this research involved the synthesis of a crown ether (the wheel component) covalently attached to a bulky dendron (Scheme 3.3, compound 12). Successful synthesis was achieved over a five step procedure, allowing the complexation part of the research to take place. The next part of the research involved the complexation of dibenzo [24] crown 8 (DB24C8) with a dialkylammonium thiol, 1, and the complexation of 12 with a dialkylammonium thiol, 1, to form pseudorotaxane like complexes. Both complexation reactions were completed, indicated by the 1H NMR showing both the pseudorotaxane complex and the starting materials. Therefore, further work is required in the complexation step, as any uncomplexed dialkylammonium thiol, 1, will have an effect on the spacing of the SAM. SAM formation of the single components (1 and triethylene glycol, 2) involved in the mixed monolayer were monitored and characterised over a 24 hour time period by a combination of contact angle, ellipsometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results indicate that for both components higher molecular ordering was achieved when the immersion time was 24 hours. During the research two control studies were conducted on gold (Au) surfaces and were characterised by contact angle and ellipsometry. Results indicate that 12 had no major affinity to Au surfaces and that TEGT, 2, can displace a fully formed dialkylammonium thiol, 1, SAM. Further work is required to confirm that there is zero affinity between 12 and Au surface and to find out to what extent the TEGT displaces the dialkylammonium thiol

Proceedings of International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing

This proceeding contains articles on the various research ideas of the academic community and practitioners presented at the international conference, “Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing” (WREC’2021). WREC'21 was organized in online mode by Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar (Punjab), INDIA during 22 – 24 April 2021. This conference was conceptualized with an objective to encourage and motivate women engineers and scientists to excel in science and technology and to be the role models for young girls to follow in their footsteps. With a view to inspire women engineers, pioneer and successful women achievers in the domains of VLSI design, wireless sensor networks, communication, image/ signal processing, machine learning, and emerging technologies were identified from across the globe and invited to present their work and address the participants in this women oriented conference. Conference Title: International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and ComputingConference Acronym: WREC'21Conference Date: 22–24 April 2021Conference Location: Online (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizers: Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, INDI