Nucleic Acid‐Based Microarrays and Nanostructures

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143726/1/cpnc1200.pd

Kinetic decoupling of neutralino dark matter

After neutralinos cease annihilating in the early Universe, they may still scatter elastically from other particles in the primordial plasma. At some point in time, however, they will eventually stop scattering. We calculate the cross sections for neutralino elastic scattering from standard-model particles to determine the time at which this kinetic decoupling occurs. We show that kinetic decoupling occurs above a temperature $T\sim$ MeV. Thereafter, neutralinos act as collisionless cold dark matter.Comment: Replaced with revised version, new references adde

Purification and Analysis of Synthetic Nucleic Acids and Components

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143681/1/cpnc1000.pd

DNA Nanotechnology

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143775/1/cpnc1200.pd

Nucleic Acid‐Based Microarrays and Nanostructures

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143608/1/cpnc1200.pd

Assessing the Effects of Climate Change on Farm Production and Profitability: Dynamic Simulation Approach

In this paper, a dynamic optimization model was developed to simulate how farm-level realized price and profitability respond to yield change which was induced by climate change. Producers' acreage response was included in the dynamic model considering crop rotation effect. In the crop rotation model, a modified Bellman equation was used to dynamically optimize the net present value of farm profit for a five-year interval. This simulation process was repeated through the year 2050. Then yield, price, and acreage response were compiled to generate realized profit. Results generally indicated that reduction in crop yields due to climate change results in reduced farm profitability for most of the states studied. Predicted climate change is more likely to pose a problem for agricultural production and profitability in the southern U.S. states as compared to the northern U.S. states. Our results also suggest that acreage response alone is not sufficient to ameliorate the potential negative effects of global climate change on agricultural production and profitability. The results of this research are expected to provide a foundation for future related research to aid producers' crop rotation decisions in an unstable price environment.Dynamic simulation model, Acreage response, Crop rotation, Expected price, Realized price, Agricultural Finance, Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Land Economics/Use, Production Economics, Productivity Analysis, Risk and Uncertainty,

Reversible Biotinylation of the 5′‐Terminus of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides and its Application in Affinity Purification

The preparation of two reversible biotinylation phosphoramidites and their application in labeling and affinity purification of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides will be described. In both cases, the biotin is linked to the 5′‐terminus of DNA through a diisopropyl silyl acetal functionality. This linkage is completely stable under certain postsynthetic cleavage/deprotection conditions, but can be readily broken by fluoride ions, releasing unmodified 5′‐OH and 5′‐phosphate DNA, respectively. To demonstrate the use of these reversible biotinylation methods, crude DNA was incubated with NeutrAvidin‐coated microspheres, full‐length biotinylated DNA was efficiently attached to the solid phase, and nonbiotinylated failure sequences and other impurities were readily removed by washing with buffer. Cleavage of the silyl acetal linkage afforded high‐quality, full‐length, unmodified 5′‐OH and 5′‐phosphate DNA, respectively, depending on which of the two phosphoramidites was used. It is anticipated that this method will find applications in areas that require efficient isolation of DNA from a complex mixture.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143794/1/cpnc0420.pd

QED radiative corrections to the decay pi^0 to e^+e^-

We reconsider QED radiative corrections (RC) to the $\pi^{0}\to e^{+}e^{-}$ decay width. One kind of RC investigated earlier has a renormalization group origin and can be associated with the final state interaction of electron and positron. It determines the distribution of lepton pair invariant masses in the whole kinematic region. The other type of RC has a double-logarithmic character and is related to almost on-mass-shell behavior of the lepton form factors. The total effect of RC for the $\pi^{0}\to e^{+}e^{-}$ decay is estimated to be 3.2% and for the decay $\eta \to e^{+}e^{-}$ is 4.3%.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure

Report of the Working Group on Possible Follow-up Action for the CGIAR on UNCED Agenda 21

Paper prepared by Stein Bie of NORAGRIC at the request of the CGIAR Chairman, with the assistance of Cassandra Bergstrom, on a possible CGIAR response to the Agenda 21 action plan developed at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED).The paper enumerates the CGIAR's strengths and comparative advantages as a potential executing agency for Agenda 21 objectives, and the parallels between those objectives and the mandate of the CGIAR, particularly in the areas of poverty reduction, agricultural production, and the environment.The authors suggest the CGIAR promote three global programs explicitly related to Agenda 21 objectives: a Global Soils and Water Program, a Global Genetic Resources Program, and a Global Human Resources Capacity Building Program.Agenda document, CGIAR Mid Term Meeting, May 1993