Analysis of sustainable concrete obtained from the by-products of an industrial process and recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste

warming. In response to the extreme climate changes and the lack of primary resources that social-economic systems are The excessive exploitation of natural resources for construction is producing an extreme impact on air pollution and global experiencing all over the world, international and local governments are supporting the development of the culture of warming. In response to the extreme climate changes and the lack of primary resources that social-economic systems are sustainable manufacturing, following the principles of the circular economy. In this context, the present study supports the experiencing all over the world, international and local governments are supporting the development of the culture of research on the design of sustainable and cross-industry value chains. This paper investigates the characteristics of sustainable sustainable manufacturing, following the principles of the circular economy. In this context, the present study supports the concrete obtained from industrial waste and recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste. The industrial waste research on the design of sustainable and cross-industry value chains. This paper investigates the characteristics of sustainable adopted in this study is the by-product of an industrial production process. The aim was to investigate the characteristics of concrete obtained from industrial waste and recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste. The industrial waste such a by-product as a recycled additive for sustainable concrete and to assess its eco-compatible safety performance. The adopted in this study is the by-product of an industrial production process. The aim was to investigate the characteristics of results suggest that the by-products adopted in this research provide an interesting alternative to the use of primary resources, such a by-product as a recycled additive for sustainable concrete and to assess its eco-compatible safety performance. The e.g. the fine sand, in the concrete mixture. However, the optimal amount of by-products depends on the characteristics of the results suggest that the by-products adopted in this research provide an interesting alternative to the use of primary resources, waste material in the mixture. The eco-compatibility test was performed to investigate the leaching behavior of the proposed e.g. the fine sand, in the concrete mixture. However, the optimal amount of by-products depends on the characteristics of the sustainable concrete. The present research promotes the adoption of a cross-industry and circular approach towards waste material in the mixture. The eco-compatibility test was performed to investigate the leaching behavior of the proposed sustainability, showing that the use of industrial waste to produce sustainable concrete allows benefits for all the stakeholders sustainable concrete. The present research promotes the adoption of a cross-industry and circular approach towards involved in the value chain and for society. sustainability, showing that the use of industrial waste to produce sustainable concrete allows benefits for all the stakeholders involved in the value chain and for society

VALORIZZAZIONE DEI PNEUMATICI FUORI USO (PFU) ATTRAVERSO IL RECUPERO E RICICLAGGIO PER LA PRODUZIONE DI PRODOTTI INNOVATIVI

The aim of the current research activity is to develop, through suitable forms of re-use and recovery, scrap pneumatic tyres (SPT) in order to manufacture technical innovative products with low environmental impact. The following sectors in particular have been extensively studied: bitumen modified with SPT; sound-proofing panels for the construction industry; synthetic grass for football / rugby fields. Furthermore, the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) method has been applied in order to evaluate the life cycle of the materials produced from SPT recovery, performed by the firm Ambra Ambiente (Cotignola di Ravenna). Regarding modified bitumen, various mixtures have been prepared, obtained by adding in various percentages powder derived from SPT. Specific laboratory tests have since allowed us to define the product from a chemical, physical and mechanical viewpoint before it is put to use as a road surface. Further laboratory tests have been performed directly upon the road surface itself as to verify its compliance to the relevant laws in effect, and therefore the final work test can be performed. Another important application of SPT regards the study and production of innovative soundproofing material, which is jet applied. Instead of the rigid panels usually used, this particular mixture is infact applied to the surface in a semi-liquid state which solidifies within 48 hours. In such a setting numerous mixtures, with differing percentages of SPT, have been tested that could ensure the soundproofing capacity as set by current laws once put to use. For this reason there have been performed numerous mechanical and acoustic tests in the laboratory and in situ on material that had been applied with the jet technique directly in various apartments. All the acoustic values recorded have found to be beneath the legal limits, which confirms that the material so produced could have important applications in the construction industry. The last application of SPT performed in the present research is its use in the production of synthetic grass for football / rugby fields. The highly constrictive regulation in this area, approved by the Lega Nazionale Dilettanti (LND), has imposed a very precise study of material loaded with SPT derivatives, both from a chemical viewpoint and from that of mechanical performance of the system as a whole. And even in this case it was possible to certify said material and reach product testing. The last part of the research was dedicated to the application of the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) method for the evaluation the life cycle of the materials produced from SPT recovery, as performed by the firm Ambra Ambiente (Cotignola di Ravenna). Particularly through the use of dedicated software (SimaPro 6.0) it was possible to confirm that the re-use/recovery activity of SPT has overall less impact compared to waste-dumps disposal , which in any case is currently no longer possible due to the entering into effect the Legislative Decree 36/2003. It can therefore be stated that the various applications usable by the aforementioned sectors confirm that SPT is a resource to be valued and that the SPT-derived products studied in this Doctorate show performances that confirm to laws currently in effect. In short, other than the environmental aspects of reduced impact and reduce use of virgin inert material, the activity of SPT-recovery certainly represents a good investment in terms of economic profit

Utilizzo di pneumatici fuori uso (PFU) per la produzione di materiale composito fonoassorbente applicabile con tecnica a getto, per uso edilizio: caratterizzazione fisica, meccanica ed acustica.

none3noneM. Bergonzoni; F. Mollica; F. RossiBergonzoni, Marco; Mollica, Francesco; F., Ross

Utilization of waste Autoclaved Aerated Concrete as lighting material in the structure of a green roof

Usually, green roofs are made with natural materials, as lapillus or pumice rock, which have the same porous characteristic of the granular AAC. To verify if this substitution was a good hypothesis, we have carried out chemical and physical analysis on a mixture of 70% of soil and natural peat and 30% of granular AAC. We compared all the results with natural green roof characteristics, finding a good connection between these two groups of values. In fact the pH value of the water extract is of 7.23; the organic matter is less than 4.08; the apparent density is 459.2 kg/m2; the demand for high water retention capacity is completely satisfied by the value of 222.62% of the mass of water absorbed relative to the mass of the dry sample. For this reason, we think that the introduction of granular waste AAC within the structure of a green roof could help to reduce industrial wastes and respects the European ideas of a sustainable future

Biochemical bases of the interaction of the human basic fibroblast growth factor with glycosaminoglycans: new insights from trypsin digestion studies

Heparins from bovine mucosa and lung, and chemically modified heparins were assayed for their capacity to: (i) protect human recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) from tryptic cleavage; (ii) prevent 1251-bFGF binding to heparan sulphate proteoglycans present in the extracellular matrix and on the cell surface of fetal bovine aortic endothelial GM 7373 cell cultures; (iii) affect 1251-bFGF binding to high-affinity tyrosine kinase FGF receptors present on the cell membrane of GM 7373 cells; (iv) inhibit the mitogenic activity exerted by bFGF in the same cells. The results demonstrate thatthe potency shown by mucosal heparins in the different assays is a direct function of size, verylow- molecular-mass heparin (2.0 kDa) being significantly less effective on a molar basis than unfractionated heparin (13.6 kDa). Increased flexibility of the backbone structure, as observed in reduced/oxidized heparins of different size, does not affect the capacity of the polysaccharide to interact with bFGF. In contrast, selective 2-O-desulphation, but not 6-O-desulphation, drastically reduced the capacity of heparin to protect bFGF from proteolytic cleavage, to affect its interaction with low- and high-affinity sites, and to inhibit its mitogenic activity. Two preparations of bovine lung heparin, differing in molecular mass, were as effective as mucosal heparin in the bFGF-tryptic-digestion assay and the endothelial-cell proteoglycan-binding assay, but they were highly inefficient at inhibiting the capacity of bFGF to interact with its tyrosine kinase receptors. Bovine lung heparins were also less effective than mucosal heparin as bFGF antagonists in GM 7373-cell-proliferation assays. N-Desulphated/N-acetylated bovine lung heparin retained only a significant capacity to protect bFGF from tryptic cleavage. The results demonstrate that different chemical features of the heparin molecule, including decrease in molecular mass, selective desulphation, disaccharide composition and clustering, affect differently the capacity of the glycosaminoglycan to interact with bFGF and to influence its biological behaviour in different assays in vitro and in endothelial cell cultures. Our findings should aid the design of synthetic oligosaccharides aimed at improving the. bioavailability of bFGF when administered in vivo as a therapeutic agent

Modeling of beam loss induced quenches in the LHC main dipole magnets

The full energy exploitation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a planned increase of the beam energy beyond the present 6.5 TeV, will result in more demanding working conditions for the superconducting dipoles and quadrupoles operating in the machine. It is hence crucial to analyze, understand, and predict the quench levels of these magnets for the required values of current and generated magnetic fields. A one-dimensional multi-strand electro-thermal model has been developed to analyze the effect of beam-losses heat deposition. Critical elements of the model are the ability to capture heat and current distribution among strands, and heat transfer to the superfluid helium bath. The computational model has been benchmarked against experimental values of LHC quench limits measured at 6.5 TeV for the Main Bending dipole magnets

Surgery for Active Infective Endocarditis on Mitral Valve: Anatomical, Surgical, and Disease Factors as Long-Term Outcome Modifiers

Background and Objectives: Determinants of long-term outcomes after surgery for native mitral valve endocarditis have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to assess anatomical, disease, and surgical risk factors for long-term mortality and need of reintervention, in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery for active endocarditis. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for active native mitral valve endocarditis at three academic centres, between 2000 and 2022, were analysed. The primary outcome was long-term survival. The secondary outcome was the freedom from mitral reoperation. Survival curves were constructed with Kaplan–Meier methodology. Multivariable Cox regression was used to identify demographic, anatomical, disease, and surgical factors associated with late mortality and reoperation. Results: 335 consecutive patients with active mitral endocarditis were analysed. Two hundred and one patients (70.5%) had infection confined to the valve cusp whereas 89 (25.6%) had invasive disease extended to the annulus and surrounding tissues. Preoperative neurological events occurred at the diagnosis in 52 cases. Streptococci were the most common causative organisms followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus. Valve repair was performed in 108 patients (32.2%). Survival at 5 and 10 years was 70.1% and 59.2%, respectively. Staphylococcus emerged as an independent predictor of late mortality, along with age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and previous cardiac surgery. Survival was considerably reduced in patients with S. aureus compared with those without (log rank p Conclusions: Active mitral valve endocarditis remains a life-threatening disease with impaired survival. While lesion characteristics influenced surgical decision-making and intraoperative management, their impact on long-term survival and freedom from reintervention appears to be moderated by other factors such as infecting pathogens and patient comorbidities