Etiologic causes of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) identified during the 12-month study, by quarters.

<p>The proportion of total pneumonia admissions accounted for by each etiology for each quartile is shown. Influenza during the first and second quartiles was caused by seasonal influenza H3N2 whereas all influenza cases during the third and fourth quartiles were pandemic influenza (H1N1). Less frequently encountered pathogens listed as “other” included <i>M. catarrhalis</i>, <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>C. pneumoniae</i>, <i>Legionella</i> species, <i>P. aeruginosa</i> as well as various streptococcal species.</p

Comparison of CAP Patients by Etiology – Treatment and Outcome.

<p>CAP, community acquired pneumonia; CI, confidence interval; IV, intravenous; abx, antibiotic; UAT, urine antigen test;; ICU, intensive care unit; BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage.</p>a<p>P-values<.05 shown in bold.</p>b<p>Atypical coverage denotes empiric antimicrobial treatment including coverage for “atypical” bacterial organisms.</p

Epidemiology of influenza in Iceland, December 2008-December 2009, showing the number of reported cases of influenza-like illness (ILI) and confirmed influenza A 2009 (H1N1) (left y-axis) and weekly ILI incidence per 100 000 population (right y-axis).

<p>In Iceland approximately 62% of all virologically confirmed cases and ILI were in Reykjavik <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0046816#pone.0046816-Sigmundsdottir1" target="_blank">[21]</a>. (Ref: <a href="http://www.influensa.is/pages/1505" target="_blank">http://www.influensa.is/pages/1505</a>).</p

Comparison of CAP Patients by Etiology – Symptoms, Test Results and Severity Scores.

<p>CAP, community acquired pneumonia; CI, confidence interval; BP, blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; RR, respiratory rate; SpO2, pulse-oximetry; WBC, white blood cell; CRP, C-reactive protein; PSI, pneumonia severity index.</p>a<p>P-values<.05 shown in bold.</p>b<p>Worst value denotes the worst noted value during the first 24 hours of admission.</p

Comparison of CAP Patients by Etiology – Characteristics and Underlying Conditions.

<p>CAP, community acquired pneumonia; CI, confidence interval; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus.</p>a<p><i>P</i> values<.05 shown in bold.</p>b<p>Immune suppression due to medications or malignancy.</p>c<p>Any chronic disease is a composite of the conditions listed above.</p