Determining the Reliability of Clincher Coolers

For any industrial entity that is put into operation, the problem of maintaining its functioning if possible, with corresponding technical and technological parameters without failure is an important issue. This is provided by the study of the technical availability of that entity. Technical availability consists of two directions, namely: increasing the reliability, i.e. the duration of the good functioning, under operating conditions and for a well-established period and ensuring adequate maintenance. The two directions should be studied together in order to find solutions to increase the service life while reducing maintenance requests. In the present case, for the clinker coolers, only real reliability has been studied with the aim of finding practical solutions for increasing the service life. Achieving the proposed objective required the observation of the operation / failure of such a machine over nine months and the statistical processing of the information obtained

Bis[5-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine-2-carbo­nitrile-κ2 N 4,N 5]silver(I) perchlorate

In the mononuclear title complex, [Ag(C10H6N4)2]ClO4, the AgI ion is surrounded by two 5-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine-2-carbonitrile ligands, forming a considerably distorted square-planar N4-coordination geometry, with two short and two long Ag—N distances. Each perchlorate anion links two mononuclear coordination units through C—H⋯O(perchlorate) hydrogen bonding, forming an infinite tape structure along [110]. Inter­molecular π–π stacking inter­actions between adjacent pyridine and pyrazine rings [centroid–centroid distances of 3.777 (3) and 3.879 (2) Å] further assemble the tape motifs into a three-dimensional supra­molecular structure

Determining the Maintainability of Burning Ovens from Cement Factory

For any industrial entity put into operation, it is of interest to its ability to fulfil its mission under certain conditions, at a given time or during a given period of time, assuming that the means of maintenance are provided. This represents availability and is a complex form of system / product quality, as it includes both reliability and maintainability. Availability can be increased by: maximum reliability, maintenance, respectively by maximum maintainability, correct use of equipment / machines, renewal, optimization of reliability and maintainability characteristics, but provided that such balancing does not lead to contradictory solutions. The availability of a product will be higher the more reliable it is and requires less maintenance. It should be borne in mind that in order to ensure a certain level of reliability, maintenance costs must not exceed 10...20% of the purchase price of the product each year [1]. Restoration of reliability to a normal level is achieved through corrective or preventive maintenance. In practice, a compromise is sought between the purchase price, the service imposed and the accepted risk, as in order to achieve availability through reliability, very reliable parts must be used, which cost 5-10 times more than usual [2]. Maintenance-based availability results from the consideration that reliability is a probability of trouble-free operation over a period of time. Reliability is technically and financially limited. Defects in the initial period of operation of the product, as well as those in the final period derive from inevitable physical phenomena, and defects in the maturity period have a normal accidental character. In addition, the reliability can deteriorate over time even during storage, thus causing additional damage. Reliability is restored to its normal level through corrective or preventive maintenance, as failures are foreseeable or unpredictable. Product availability is the result of a combination of reliability and maintainability and they support each other. Increasing the maintainability of products leads to increased availability. In this case, the real maintainability of a burning oven of a cement factory was studied, with the aim of finding practical solutions to increase the service life. Achieving the proposed objective required monitoring the operation / failure of such equipment for nine months and statistical processing of the information obtained

Salvia officinalis L. extract increase the antitumor effect of Doxorubicin on Ehrlich carcinoma tumor cells

The current study demonstrated the superior in vivo antitumor activity of the association between Salvia officinalis L. and Doxorubicin as compared with Doxorubicin alone and its lack of toxicity. The study was carried out on 32 Mus musculus female mice, for 14 days long. The tumor model was Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC). Animals were divided in four equal groups of 8 mice: normal control, tumor control, EAC + doxorubicin and EAC + doxorubicin + Salvia officimalis L. All the values that reflect the tumor development (difference in body weight, EAC volume and cellular concentration) were improved in significant manner. Hematological and biochemistry parameters determination were performed for all four groups of mice and no cytotoxicity was found. The efficacy of Salvia officinalis L. as an adjuvant therapy in cancer has been demonstrated

Experimental characterization, machine learning analysis and computational modelling of the high effective inhibition of copper corrosion by 5-(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol in saline environment.

An oxadiazole derivative with functional groups favouring its adsorption on copper surface, namely 5-(4-Pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol, has been explored as potential inhibitor of copper corrosion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl. Electrochemical evaluation by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization and SVET reveals inhibition efficiencies exceeding 99%. Surface microscopy inspection and spectroscopic analysis by Raman, SEM-EDX and XPS highlight the formation of a compact barrier film responsible for long-lasting protection, that is mainly composed of the organic molecules. Machine Learning algorithms used in combination with Raman spectroscopy data were used successfully for the first time in corrosion studies to allow discrimination between corroded and inhibitor-protected metal surfaces. Quantum Chemistry calculations in aqueous solution and Molecular Dynamic studies predict a strong interaction between copper and the thiolate group and an extensive coverage of the metal surface, responsible for the excellent protection against corrosion

Results of a worldwide survey on the currently used histopathological diagnostic criteria for invasive lobular breast cancer

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) represents the second most common subtype of breast cancer (BC), accounting for up to 15% of all invasive BC. Loss of cell adhesion due to functional inactivation of E-cadherin is the hallmark of ILC. Although the current world health organization (WHO) classification for diagnosing ILC requires the recognition of the dispersed or linear non-cohesive growth pattern, it is not mandatory to demonstrate E-cadherin loss by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Recent results of central pathology review of two large randomized clinical trials have demonstrated relative overdiagnosis of ILC, as only similar to 60% of the locally diagnosed ILCs were confirmed by central pathology. To understand the possible underlying reasons of this discrepancy, we undertook a worldwide survey on the current practice of diagnosing BC as ILC. A survey was drafted by a panel of pathologists and researchers from the European lobular breast cancer consortium (ELBCC) using the online tool SurveyMonkey (R). Various parameters such as indications for IHC staining, IHC clones, and IHC staining procedures were questioned. Finally, systematic reporting of non-classical ILC variants were also interrogated. This survey was sent out to pathologists worldwide and circulated from December 14, 2020 until July, 1 2021. The results demonstrate that approximately half of the institutions use E-cadherin expression loss by IHC as an ancillary test to diagnose ILC and that there is a great variability in immunostaining protocols. This might cause different staining results and discordant interpretations. As ILC-specific therapeutic and diagnostic avenues are currently explored in the context of clinical trials, it is of importance to improve standardization of histopathologic diagnosis of ILC diagnosis

Synthèse et stéréochimie de systèmes 3.7-dioxa-1-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octaniques fonctionnalisés (Etude la métallation de bis-diazines et de diazines substituées par des groupements chélatants)

L ensemble des travaux de recherche de cette thèse constitue des avancées dans différents domaines pour la synthèse et la fonctionnalisation des systèmes bicycliques 3.7-DiOxa-r-AzaBicyclo[3.3.0]-c-5-Octanes (DOABO) et des diazines et benzo-diazines. Le chapitre 1 est consacré à une étude bibliographique sur la synthèse, la stéréochimie, la fonctionnalisation et les applications des DOABO et des diazines. Le chapitre 2 est relatif à la synthèse et à la stéréochimie d une nouvelle classe de composés, les a-(3.7-dioxa-r-1-azabicyclo[3.3.0]-oct-c-5-ylmethoxy)-di(s-tri)azines. La stéréochimie de ces composés est discutée en terme de chiralité conformationnelle du système DOABO par RMN dynamique haut-champ et par RX. Le chapitre 3 est consacré à l étude de la métallation de diazines utilisant le groupe DOABO comme groupe ortho-directeur. L efficacité de ce groupe a été comparée à celle d autres groupes directeurs. Le chapitre 4 concerne une étude de la fonctionnalisation des structures biaryliques par métallation et utilise le cycle pyridinique comme groupe ortho-directeur.This work deals with the synthesis, the stereochemical analysis and functionalisation of compounds bearing the 3.7-dioxa-r-1-azabicyclo[3.3.0]-oct-c-5-ylmethoxy heterocyclic system such as substituent at the a position of a p-deficient system such as (benzo)diazines or s-triazines. The first chapter deals with the bibliography and interest of DOABO heterocycles and diazines. The second chapter presents the synthesis and stereochemistry of a new class of compounds such as a-(3.7-dioxa-r-1-azabicyclo[3.3.0]-oct-c-5-ylmethoxy)-di(s-tri)azines. The stereochemistry of this new series is discussed in terms of conformational chirality of the DOABO system, found different in solution (1H RMND)against solid state (X Ray Diffractometry), meso vs. chiral forms respectively. The third chapter presents the functionalisation of a-(3.7-dioxa-r-1-azabicyclo[3.3.0]-oct-c-5-ylmethoxy)-(beno)diazines via regioselective Directed ortho-metallation (DoM) reaction using lithiated bases. The fourth chapter describes the synthesis of p-deficient biarylic compounds of type bis(a-methoxy)diazines and 2-pyridyldiazines. They are available by directed ortho-(trans)metallation followed by Negishi or Stille cross-coupling. The functionalisation via metallation of 2-pyridyldiazines occurs on the diazine site, at the ortho-position with respect to Ar-Ar bond.ROUEN-BU Sciences (764512102) / SudocROUEN-BU Sciences Madrillet (765752101) / SudocSudocFranceF