Un essai de production et de transformation de lait de dromadaire en Tunisie

Dans le Nord tunisien, cinq dromadaires femelles disposant chacune de 4 kg de son de blé par jour et de paille d'avoine à volonté ont produit en 305 jours de lactation une moyenne de 1 860 l (entre 915 et 3 355 l). Différents fromages ont été fabriqués à partir de ce lait composé de 108 g de matière sèche et de 28 g de matière grasse par litre. Des rendements frais et secs de 11,7 p. 100 et 4,9 p. 100 ont été respectivement obtenus avec un taux de récupération de la matière grasse de 64 p. 100. Ces résultats sont comparés à ceux obtenus avec du lait de vache

Effect of diet supplementation with live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on performance of rabbit does and their progenies

[EN] A study was conducted to determine the effect of live yeast supplementation in the diet of rabbit does on their mortality and reproductive performance and the performance of their progeny. A total of 52 cross-bred rabbit does (New Zealand×Californian) were divided into 2 groups differing in diet offered during 2 reproductive cycles and containing (group S; n=26) or not (group C; n=26) 1 g of yeast (Actisaf Sc 47, S.I. LESAFFRE, France)/kg of feed. Natural mating was performed 11 d after kindling and kits were weaned at 28 d of age. Body weight of litters was measured at birth, 21 d and at 28 d of age (weaning). Mortality of kits and rabbit does was monitored daily, and fertility of rabbit does and viability rate of kits at birth were also determined. Weight and litter size at birth and at weaning, litter weight gain during lactation and length of gestation were similar between the 2 groups during the 2 cycles. The mortality of does during the experiment was higher in group C than in group S (27 vs. 4%; P<0.05). Fertility rate of rabbits does and viability rate of kits at birth were higher (P<0.05) in rabbits fed with the supplemented diet than those with the control diet during the second lactation. In the first cycle, kit mortality was lower in S group (15.5%) than the C group (24.7%) during the first 21 d (P<0.05). However, no difference was observed during the second lactation. In conclusion, our results suggest that the inclusion of yeast in the diet of rabbit does could trigger positive effects on the fertility and mortality of rabbit does, as well as on the viability rate of kits at birth.Belhassen, T.; Simon, E.; Potel, A.; Auclair, E.; Bergaoui, R. (2016). Effect of diet supplementation with live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on performance of rabbit does and their progenies. World Rabbit Science. 24(1):77-82. doi:10.4995/wrs.2016.3917.SWORD7782241Bontempo, V., Di Giancamillo, A., Savoini, G., Dell’Orto, V., & Domeneghini, C. (2006). Live yeast dietary supplementation acts upon intestinal morpho-functional aspects and growth in weanling piglets. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 129(3-4), 224-236. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.12.015Combes, S., Fortun-Lamothe, L., Cauquil, L., & Gidenne, T. (2013). Engineering the rabbit digestive ecosystem to improve digestive health and efficacy. animal, 7(9), 1429-1439. doi:10.1017/s1751731113001079El-Hindawy M.M., Yamani K.A., Tawfeek M.I. 1993. Effect of probiotic (Lacto-Sacc) in diets with different protein levels on growth performance, digestibility and some carcass aspects of growing rabbits. Egypt. J. Rabbit Sci., 3: 13-28.Kalmus, P., Orro, T., Waldmann, A., Lindjärv, R., & Kask, K. (2009). Effect of yeast culture on milk production and metabolic and reproductive performance of early lactation dairy cows. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 51(1). doi:10.1186/1751-0147-51-32Kimsé M., Bayourthe C. Monteils V., Fortun-Lamothe L., Cauquil L., Combes S., Gidenne T. 2012. Live yeast stability in rabbit digestive tract: Consequences on the caecal ecosystem, Maertens L., De Groote G. 1992. Effect of dietary supplementation of live yeast on the zootechnical performances does and weanling rabbits. J. Appl. Rabbit Res., 15: 1079-1086.Monroy-Salazar H.G., Perez-Sotelo L., Gonzalez-Hernandez Y., Vaughan G., Lagunas-Bernabe S., Cuaron-Ibarguengoytia J., Montano-Hirose J.A., Alonso-Fresan M.U., Pradal-Rosa P., Vazquez-Chagoyan J.C. 2012. Effects of live yeast dietary supplement on fecal coliform counts and on peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulations in nursery pigs. J. Swine Health Prod., 20: 276-282.Stamati S., Alexopoulos C., Siochu A., Saoulidis K., Kyriakis S.C. 2006. Probiosis in sows by administration of bacillus toyoi spores during late pregnancy and lactation: effect on their health status/performance and on litter characteristics. International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics, 1: 33-40.Vanderpool C., Yan F., Polk D.B. 2008. Mechanisms of probiotic action: Implications for therapeutic applications in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm. Bowel Dis., 14: 1585-Van Heugten E., Funderburke D.W., Dorton K.L. 2003. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fecal microflora in weanling pigs fed live yeast. J. Anim. Sci. 81: 1004-1012

ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science EFFECT OF 2% FENUGREEK (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) SUPPLEMENTATION ON PERFORMANCE AND THE LACTATION CURVE OF RABBIT DOES

ABSTRACT The influence of adding the fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) on the lactation curve was studied in the rabbits does (New-Zealand X Californian X local). Thirty does were randomly divided into three groups (n=10) considering live weight, parity. Two types of diets were used: A control group was fed a normal diet (C), while the treated groups (E 1 and E 2 ) received the diet (C) supplemented with 2% of fenugreek (E). The does of group E 1 consume the E diet and those of E 2 consume the diet E only during two weeks before weaning otherwise does eat diet (C). The groups were nursed until weaning at 35 days of age. Milk yield was measured daily until day 35 with separation of kits and weighing immediately before and after controlled sucking. Findings of induction of 2% fenugreek in diet establish that the mortality at the birth is lower than the control groups. It is observed especially in group E 1 that the weight of the rabbits before weaning is 58, 14g±9, 86; and the quantity of milk produced is significantly important (p&lt;0.05) than the other groups with a peak of 237, 17g for the group E 1 and 163, 95g for the control group

PERFORMANCES DES ELEVAGES CUNICOLES MODERNES EN TUNISIE

[EN] Modern rabbit production in Tunisia started in 1980's. The following article deals with technical and economical performances in rabbit sector studied through a survey including 62 production units of the Tunis and Bizerte areas. Data analysis shows that average number of rabbit does per rabbitry was 112. The numerical productivity was poor : 28.7 rabbits sold/mother-cage/year. This low productivity can be considered as a consequence of bad management decisions mainly in term of repnduction control, breeding animal renewal and general management of the rabbitry. Moreover, low performances can be attributed to poor training of technicians and to low quality of available animals, nutrition or housing conditions... These performances are lower than the profitability levels which was estimated at 36 rabbits/mother-cage/year. Furthermore, Tunisian is not known to be a major rabbit meat consumer, his annual consumption is poor : 350 g/person/year. To increase the productivity level of the sector it is necessary : 1 I to train technicians in order to improve this management performers, 2/ to educate consumer in order to be aware of this quality of the rabbit meat and 3/ to develop new strategy which takes account for local conditions.[FR] La cuniculture moderne en Tunisie a démarré au début des années 80. Le présent article traite des performances techniques et économiques de ce secteur, étudiées a partir d'une enquete portan! sur 62 élevages des régions de Tunis et Bizerte. 11 en ressort que la taille moyenne est de 112 femelles reproductrices. La productivité numérique est faible: 28,7 lapereaux vendus/cage mére/an. Cette productivité médiocre traduit une mauvaise maitrise de la reproduction, du renouvellement et de la gestion de l'élevage. Ces faibles performances peuvent etre expliquées surtout par un manque de professionnalisme et de technicité des responsables des élevages et par une mauvaise qualité des facteurs de production (reproducteurs, aliments, cages, batiment.. .. ). Ces performances se situent au-dessous du seuil de rentabilité, calculé a 36 lapereaux/cage-mére/an. A coté de ces problémes de productivité, le secteur est également confronté a une faible demande. Le Tunisien est pour le moment peu intéressé par cette viande et la consommation reste trés faible, environ 350g/habitant/an. Pour permettre le développement du secteur il est nécessaire : 1 / de former des techniciens professionnels devant conduire l'élevage cunicole, 21 d'éduquer le consommateur et luí faire connaitre l'intéret de la viande du lapin et 31 de chercher de nouveaux modeles de développement du lapin tenant compte des contraintes locales.Bergaoui, R.; Kriaa, S. (2001). PERFORMANCES DES ELEVAGES CUNICOLES MODERNES EN TUNISIE. World Rabbit Science. doi:10.4995/wrs.2001.448SWORD9

Nouvelle méthode de vérification de flot de contrôle avec signatures disjointes

Communication par affich

Impact of compilation options on the criticality of registers in a microprocessor-based system

International audienc

Detailed analysis of compilation options for robust software-based embedded systems

International audienceSeveral criteria can be used to evaluate the criticality of registers and memory locations at compile time. This evaluation is useful to guide optimizations with respect to robustness constraints and soft error mitigation. In this paper, we analyze in detail the impact of compilation optimizations on the system dependability, using four different criteria. We show that optimizations enabled by default lead to criticality increase. However, selectively picking optimizations may increase the robustness of a system even if the consequences of a given optimization option may vary from a program to another. We also identify some optimizations that induce a significant increase in criticality and must be used with care