Confirmation of taxonomic status of black yeast-like fungus by three gene phylogeny

Status of black melanin-containing yeast-like fungus Exophiala alcalophila isolated from microorganism complex of hermetic damaged in conditions of indoor high humidity in Kiev, Ukraine is proved by combined phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), the 5.8S gene and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) nrDNA, beta-tubulin gene and translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene. Sequences of the mentioned genes of Ukrainian specimen of E. alcalophila are for the first time submitted to the GenBank

Pharmacological Correction of Stress-Induced Gastric Ulceration by Novel Small-Molecule Agents with Antioxidant Profile

This study was designed to determine novel small-molecule agents influencing the pathogenesis of gastric lesions induced by stress. To achieve this goal, four novel organic compounds containing structural fragments with known antioxidant activity were synthesized, characterized by physicochemical methods, and evaluated in vivo at water immersion restraint conditions. The levels of lipid peroxidation products and activities of antioxidative system enzymes were measured in gastric mucosa and correlated with the observed gastroprotective activity of the active compounds. Prophylactic single-dose 1 mg/kg treatment with (2-hydroxyphenyl)thioacetyl derivatives of L-lysine and L-proline efficiently decreases up to 86% stress-induced stomach ulceration in rats. Discovered small-molecule antiulcer agents modulate activities of gastric mucosa tissue superoxide dismutase, catalase, and xanthine oxidase in concerted directions. Gastroprotective effect of (2-hydroxyphenyl)thioacetyl derivatives of L-lysine and L-proline at least partially depends on the correction of gastric mucosa oxidative balance

Age-dependent changes in gastrointestinal motility

The mechanisms of the motor function are studied for more than 100 years, howe­ver, they have not been established completely. Understanding those mechanisms is of great importance since the disturbances of gastrointestinal motility underlay in pathogeneses of many diseases, such as colitis, constipations, irritable bowel syndrome and others. This review is devoted to analysis of literature data of the age-related changes in the motility function of digestive tract. We have searched articles on a particular issue and have analyzed them in accordance with the parts of the digestive tract. Main attention has been paid to age-dependent functional and regulatory changes in the digestive tract. The mechanisms underlying in pathogenesis of age-related diseases of motor function of the digestive tract have not been deeply studied. Without the establishment of these mechanisms, it is impossible to create new drugs for prophylaxis and treatment of age-related disturbances in motor function of the gastrointestinal (GI) motility

MICROBIAL SYNTHESIS OF PHYTOHORMONES

The aim of the review was to analyze current literature data and the results of own studies on the synthesis of auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins by plant-associated microorganisms (living in rhizosphere, endophytic, nitrogen-fixing, and phytopathogenic), and by those not involved in symbiotic interactions. Many microorganisms can generate phytohormones, and microbial synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid can be enhanced which can be used in producing it instead of extracting it from plants or by chemical synthesis. Recent progress in intensifying the synthesis of gibberellic acid in deep and solid-phase producer cultivation allows substantially reducing the prime cost of biotechnological production of that phytohormone. The ability of microorganisms to simultaneously synthesize phytohormones and other biologically active compounds with antimicrobial, nematocidal, and other various effects enables creating complex polyfunctional microbial preparations with various biological properties for use in crop production to stimulate plant growth and pest control