Supersymmetric extensions of Schr\"odinger-invariance

The set of dynamic symmetries of the scalar free Schr\"odinger equation in d space dimensions gives a realization of the Schr\"odinger algebra that may be extended into a representation of the conformal algebra in d+2 dimensions, which yields the set of dynamic symmetries of the same equation where the mass is not viewed as a constant, but as an additional coordinate. An analogous construction also holds for the spin-1/2 L\'evy-Leblond equation. A N=2 supersymmetric extension of these equations leads, respectively, to a `super-Schr\"odinger' model and to the (3|2)-supersymmetric model. Their dynamic supersymmetries form the Lie superalgebras osp(2|2) *_s sh(2|2) and osp(2|4), respectively. The Schr\"odinger algebra and its supersymmetric counterparts are found to be the largest finite-dimensional Lie subalgebras of a family of infinite-dimensional Lie superalgebras that are systematically constructed in a Poisson algebra setting, including the Schr\"odinger-Neveu-Schwarz algebra sns^(N) with N supercharges. Covariant two-point functions of quasiprimary superfields are calculated for several subalgebras of osp(2|4). If one includes both N=2 supercharges and time-inversions, then the sum of the scaling dimensions is restricted to a finite set of possible values.Comment: Latex 2e, 46 pages, with 3 figures include

Supersymmetric extensions of Schr\"odinger-invariance

The set of dynamic symmetries of the scalar free Schr\"odinger equation in d space dimensions gives a realization of the Schr\"odinger algebra that may be extended into a representation of the conformal algebra in d+2 dimensions, which yields the set of dynamic symmetries of the same equation where the mass is not viewed as a constant, but as an additional coordinate. An analogous construction also holds for the spin-1/2 L\'evy-Leblond equation. A N=2 supersymmetric extension of these equations leads, respectively, to a `super-Schr\"odinger' model and to the (3|2)-supersymmetric model. Their dynamic supersymmetries form the Lie superalgebras osp(2|2) *_s sh(2|2) and osp(2|4), respectively. The Schr\"odinger algebra and its supersymmetric counterparts are found to be the largest finite-dimensional Lie subalgebras of a family of infinite-dimensional Lie superalgebras that are systematically constructed in a Poisson algebra setting, including the Schr\"odinger-Neveu-Schwarz algebra sns^(N) with N supercharges. Covariant two-point functions of quasiprimary superfields are calculated for several subalgebras of osp(2|4). If one includes both N=2 supercharges and time-inversions, then the sum of the scaling dimensions is restricted to a finite set of possible values.Comment: Latex 2e, 46 pages, with 3 figures include

Supersymmetric extensions of Schr\"odinger-invariance

The set of dynamic symmetries of the scalar free Schr\"odinger equation in d space dimensions gives a realization of the Schr\"odinger algebra that may be extended into a representation of the conformal algebra in d+2 dimensions, which yields the set of dynamic symmetries of the same equation where the mass is not viewed as a constant, but as an additional coordinate. An analogous construction also holds for the spin-1/2 L\'evy-Leblond equation. A N=2 supersymmetric extension of these equations leads, respectively, to a `super-Schr\"odinger' model and to the (3|2)-supersymmetric model. Their dynamic supersymmetries form the Lie superalgebras osp(2|2) *_s sh(2|2) and osp(2|4), respectively. The Schr\"odinger algebra and its supersymmetric counterparts are found to be the largest finite-dimensional Lie subalgebras of a family of infinite-dimensional Lie superalgebras that are systematically constructed in a Poisson algebra setting, including the Schr\"odinger-Neveu-Schwarz algebra sns^(N) with N supercharges. Covariant two-point functions of quasiprimary superfields are calculated for several subalgebras of osp(2|4). If one includes both N=2 supercharges and time-inversions, then the sum of the scaling dimensions is restricted to a finite set of possible values.Comment: Latex 2e, 46 pages, with 3 figures include

From dynamical scaling to local scale-invariance: a tutorial

Dynamical scaling arises naturally in various many-body systems far from equilibrium. After a short historical overview, the elements of possible extensions of dynamical scaling to a local scale-invariance will be introduced. Schr\"odinger-invariance, the most simple example of local scale-invariance, will be introduced as a dynamical symmetry in the Edwards-Wilkinson universality class of interface growth. The Lie algebra construction, its representations and the Bargman superselection rules will be combined with non-equilibrium Janssen-de Dominicis field-theory to produce explicit predictions for responses and correlators, which can be compared to the results of explicit model studies. At the next level, the study of non-stationary states requires to go over, from Schr\"odinger-invariance, to ageing-invariance. The ageing algebra admits new representations, which acts as dynamical symmetries on more general equations, and imply that each non-equilibrium scaling operator is characterised by two distinct, independent scaling dimensions. Tests of ageing-invariance are described, in the Glauber-Ising and spherical models of a phase-ordering ferromagnet and the Arcetri model of interface growth.Comment: 1+ 23 pages, 2 figures, final for

A pan-cancer clinical platform to predict immunotherapy outcomes and prioritize immuno-oncology combinations in early-phase trials

Immunooncology; Predictive biomarkers; Tumor microenvironmentInmunooncología; Biomarcadores predictivos; Microambiente tumoralImmunooncologia; Biomarcadors predictius; Microambient tumoralBackground Immunotherapy is effective, but current biomarkers for patient selection have proven modest sensitivity. Here, we developed VIGex, an optimized gene signature based on the expression level of 12 genes involved in immune response with RNA sequencing. Methods We implemented VIGex using the nCounter platform (Nanostring) on a large clinical cohort encompassing 909 tumor samples across 45 tumor types. VIGex was developed as a continuous variable, with cutoffs selected to detect three main categories (hot, intermediate-cold and cold) based on the different inflammatory status of the tumor microenvironment. Findings Hot tumors had the highest VIGex scores and exhibited an increased abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as compared with the intermediate-cold and cold. VIGex scores varied depending on tumor origin and anatomic site of metastases, with liver metastases showing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The predictive power of VIGex-Hot was observed in a cohort of 98 refractory solid tumor from patients treated in early-phase immunotherapy trials and its clinical performance was confirmed through an extensive metanalysis across 13 clinically annotated gene expression datasets from 877 patients treated with immunotherapy agents. Last, we generated a pan-cancer biomarker platform that integrates VIGex categories with the expression levels of immunotherapy targets under development in early-phase clinical trials. Conclusions Our results support the clinical utility of VIGex as a tool to aid clinicians for patient selection and personalized immunotherapy interventions.A.H.C. would like to acknowledge fellowship funding from the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM), CRIS Contra el Cancer and Hold'em For Life Oncology Fellowship. This research has been funded by the Comprehensive Program of Cancer Immunotherapy & Immunology II (CAIMI-II) supported by the BBVA Foundation (grant 53/2021) and the 2020–2021 Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology (DMOH) Fellowship award at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre. VHIO would like to acknowledge the Cellex Foundation for providing research facilities and equipment and the CERCA Programme from the Generalitat de Catalunya for their support of this research. Authors from VHIO acknowledge the State Agency for Research (Agencia Estatal de Investigación) for providing financial support as a Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa (CEX2020-001024-S/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). A.V. was the recipient of a project award from the FAECC (AVP/18/AECC/3219) and received funding from the Advanced Molecular Diagnostic (DIAMAV) program from the FERO Foundation. Graphical abstract was created with BioRender.com. Diagram in Figure 3B was created with SankeyMATIC (sankeymatic.com)

Phase I prognostic online (PIPO): A web tool to improve patient selection for oncology early phase clinical trials

Immunotherapy; Phase 1 trials; Prognostic modelInmunoterapia; Ensayos de fase 1; Modelo pronósticoImmunoteràpia; Assajos de fase 1; Model pronòsticPurpose Patient selection in phase 1 clinical trials (Ph1t) continues to be a challenge. The aim of this study was to develop a user-friendly prognostic calculator for predicting overall survival (OS) outcomes in patients to be included in Ph1t with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) or targeted agents (TAs) based on clinical parameters assessed at baseline. Methods Using a training cohort with consecutive patients from the VHIO phase 1 unit, we constructed a prognostic model to predict median OS (mOS) as a primary endpoint and 3-month (3m) OS rate as a secondary endpoint. The model was validated in an internal cohort after temporal data splitting and represented as a web application. Results We recruited 799 patients (training and validation sets, 558 and 241, respectively). Median follow-up was 21.2 months (m), mOS was 10.2 m (95% CI, 9.3–12.7) for ICIs cohort and 7.7 m (95% CI, 6.6–8.6) for TAs cohort. In the multivariable analysis, six prognostic variables were independently associated with OS – ECOG, number of metastatic sites, presence of liver metastases, derived neutrophils/(leukocytes minus neutrophils) ratio [dNLR], albumin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. The phase 1 prognostic online (PIPO) calculator showed adequate discrimination and calibration performance for OS, with C-statistics of 0.71 (95% CI 0.64–0.78) in the validation set. The overall accuracy of the model for 3m OS prediction was 87.2% (95% CI 85%–90%). Conclusions PIPO is a user-friendly objective and interactive tool to calculate specific survival probabilities for each patient before enrolment in a Ph1t. The tool is available at https://pipo.vhio.net/.The research leading to these results has received funding from “la Caixa” Foundation (LCF/PR/CE07/50610001). Cellex Foundation for providing research facilities and equipment. This work was supported by the Accelerator Award (UpSMART) from Fundacion Científica – Asociacion Espanola Contra el Cancer (FC -AECC)/ Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC) /Cancer Research United Kingdom (CRUK)

Parametric survival models with interval-censored response and explanatory variables

Aquest treball de final de màster tracta sobre l'ajust d'un model de temps de vida accelerat quan tant la resposta com una de les variables explicatives estan censurades en un interval. L'ajust d'aquests models presenta diversos reptes metodològics i computacionals, perquè no està implementat en programari estadístic estàndard. La motivació d'aquest treball prové d'un assaig clínic en oncologia que té com a objectiu explorar la supervivència lliure de progressió (PFS), és a dir, el temps fins a la mort o un punt final clínic d'interès, en funció de la PFS a un esdeveniment previ d'interès.Este trabajo de fin de máster trata sobre el ajuste de un modelo de tiempo de vida acelerado cuando tanto la respuesta como una de las variables explicativas están censuradas por intervalos. El ajuste de tales modelos presenta varios desafíos metodológicos y computacionales, porque no está implementado en el software estadístico estándar. La motivación de este trabajo proviene de un ensayo clínico en oncología que tiene como objetivo explorar la supervivencia libre de progresión (PFS), es decir, el tiempo hasta la muerte o un criterio de valoración clínico de interés, en función de la PFS a un evento previo de interés.This master’s thesis deals with the fit of an accelerated failure time model when both the response and one of the explanatory variables are interval-censored. The fit of such models presents several methodological and computational challenges because it is not implemented in standard statistical software. The motivation for this work comes from a clinical trial in oncology that aims to explore progression-free survival (PFS), i.e., the time until either death or a clinical endpoint of interest, as a function of PFS to a previous event of interest

Experimental study of landslide stabilization by large diameter piles

International audienc

Etude expérimentale de la stabilisation d'un glissement de terrain par des pieux de gros diamètre

International audienc

Approche socio-anthropologique de la dynamisation du réseau d’acteurs de prise en charge des malades tuberculeux au Burkina Faso

La tuberculose est une maladie chronique dont la prise en charge nécessite une approche multisectorielle: le social et le biomédical. Une étude socio-anthropologique retraçant les itinéraires thérapeutiques des malades a permis d’identifier les détenteurs d’enjeux dans la gestion de la maladie pour élaborer une « carte des acteurs » et encourager une interaction dynamique entre les membres. L’identification des acteurs clés et leur mise en réseau a permis d’entreprendre des actions contribuant à renforcer l’efficacité et l’efficience de la prise en charge des malades au Burkina Faso, par des actions collectives. Nous identifions ainsi des acteurs sociaux, alliés et confidents des malades; des acteurs biomédicaux, directement concernés par la prise en charge médicale de la maladie. A travers ces liens entre les acteurs, nous remarquons que les systèmes de santé sont caractérisés par des interactions sur fond d’incompréhension qui influence négativement la qualité des soins. La dynamisation du réseau d’acteurs a permis d’éprouver un mode de collaboration axé sur l’analyse collective des problèmes rencontrés par les prestataires de soins et les malades tuberculeux. Celle-ci a permis la mise en oeuvre d’actions visant à améliorer la qualité de vie des malades. La dynamique de collaboration entre acteurs concernés par l’accès aux soins de santé a eu raison sur les situations problématiques qui entament les succès thérapeutiques et la qualité de vie des malades tuberculeux. (Global Health Promotion, 2009; 16 (1): pp. 72–80)SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe