Análise das intervenções de terapia ocupacional no desempenho das atividades de vida diária em crianças com paralisia cerebral: uma revisão sistemática da literatura Analysis of occupational therapy interventions in the performance of everyday activities in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review of the literature

OBJETIVOS: avaliar, através da seleção e análise criteriosa de artigos, os efeitos das intervenções voltadas para a promoção do desempenho de atividades de vida diária, utilizadas por terapeutas ocupacionais, em crianças com paralisia cerebral. MÉTODOS: a busca na literatura foi realizada nas bases eletrônicas: Ovid, Medline, CINAHL e Lilacs, incluindo artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2001 e maio de 2006, nos idiomas inglês e português, utilizando os seguintes descritores: "terapia ocupacional", "paralisia cerebral" e "criança". Foram selecionados quatro estudos, seguindo critérios de inclusão pré-definidos, avaliados quanto à qualidade metodológica com a escala OTSeeker. RESULTADOS: a análise da qualidade metodológica dos estudos selecionados revelaram pontuações de magnitudes baixa à moderada na escala OTSeeker. Foram encontradas diferenças quanto ao tipo de intervenção utilizada para a promoção das atividades de vida diária, bem como dos desfechos investigados. CONCLUSÕES: a análise crítica dos artigos sugere que o contexto no qual a criança com paralisia cerebral está inserida parece ser um fator importante no seu desempenho funcional. A avaliação sistemática da literatura sobre os efeitos de intervenções de Terapia Ocupacional na promoção de atividades de vida diária em crianças com paralisia cerebral poderá contribuir para uma prática baseada em evidências, entre esses profissionais.<br>OBJECTIVES: to evaluate, by means of a careful search for and analysis of articles, the effects of interventions used by occupational therapists to improve the performance of everyday activities in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: the search for literature on the subject was conducted using the electronic databases Ovid, Medline, CINAHL and LILACS, and covered articles published between January 2001 and May 2006, in English or Portuguese, using the following keywords: "occupational therapy", "cerebral palsy", and "child". Four studies were selected, according to previously determined inclusion criteria, and these were evaluated for their methodological quality using the OTSeeker scale. RESULTS: the analysis of the methodological quality of the selected studies revealed scores from low to moderate on the OTSeeker scale. There were differences in relation to the type of intervention used to promote everyday activities, and regarding the outcomes that were investigated. CONCLUSIONS: the context in which the child with cerebral palsy is living seems to be an important factor in his/her functional performance. The systematic evaluation of the literature on the effects of Occupational Therapy interventions in promoting everyday activities in children with cerebral palsy may contribute to evidence-based practices among these health professionals

Antibacterial Nanoparticle Monolayers Prepared on Chemically Inert Surfaces by Cooperative Electrostatic Adsorption (CELA)

Cooperative electrostatic adsorption (CELA) is used to deposit monolayer coatings of silver nanoparticles on relatively chemically inert polymers, polypropylene, and Tygon. Medically relevant components (tubing, vials, syringes) coated by this method exhibit antibacterial properties over weeks to months with the coatings being stable under constant-flow conditions. Antibacterial properties of the coatings are due to a slow release of Ag+ from the particles. The rate of this release is quantified by the dithiol-precipitation method coupled with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) analysis

Nano- and microscopic surface wrinkles of linearly increasing heights prepared by periodic precipitation

Arrays of surface wrinkles of linearly increasing heights (from tens of nanometers to tens of micrometers) were prepared via a spontaneous reaction-diffusion process based on periodic precipitation. The slopes, dimensions, and positions of the precipitation bands could be controlled precisely by adjusting the concentrations of the participating chemicals as well as the material properties of patterned substrates. Additional control of periodic precipitation by localized UV irradiation allowed for the preparation of discontinuous and curvilinear structures. The nonbinary 3D surface topographies were replicated into poly(dimethylsiloxane), and the applications of replicas in microfluidics, microseparations, and cell biology have been suggested

Independence of Primary and Secondary Structures in Periodic Precipitation Patterns

Microscopic periodic precipitation patterns featuring both-primary, and secondary bands form in thin gel films. The initial conditions for the precipitation process, are defined, by wet stamping and are chosen such that the primary and secondary structures are not necessarily collinear; the fact that these structures propagate in different directions suggests that they form independently of one another. This hypothesis is further, supported by a theoretical model in which two different intermediate species mediate band formation