Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Fingolimod induces neuroprotective factors in human astrocytes

Validation of different house-keeping genes for quantitative PCR in human astrocytes or U373 astrocytoma cells. Human astrocytes (A) or human U373 astrocytoma cells (B, C) were stimulated with the indicated amounts of FTY-P or S1P, followed by stimulation with TNF, when indicated. Eight hours later, cell lysates were harvested and expression of the housekeeping genes GAPDH, beta-actin, and PPIA (cyclophilin) was determined by quantitative PCR (mean ± SEM of two (A) and three (B, C) independent biological replicates)

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11 juin 18811881/06/11 (A15,N5513)

Additional file 4: Figure S2. of Fingolimod induces neuroprotective factors in human astrocytes

Expression of LIFR, EGFR, and IL11RA on human fetal neural progenitor cells. Fetal Striatal brain cells were differentiated for 7 days (hstrNPCs) and analyzed by qPCR. For comparison, human primary astrocytes (HA) are shown (mean ± SD of two technical replicates)

Additional file 3: Table S2. of Fingolimod induces neuroprotective factors in human astrocytes

Human primary astrocytes, stimulated with FTY-P (left) or S1P (right) for 1 or 8 h and analyzed on an Illumina microarray. Shown are genes with significant regulation with at least one of the compounds (adjusted p value < 0.05, in bold print) at 1 h (upper table) and 8 h (lower table). The list is sorted for fold-changes by FTY-P

Neuronal morphology of granular neurons in dentate gyrus of Braf^cko mice.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Camera lucida drawings of representative granule neurons of Braf^cko controls and mutants. (<b>B</b>) Total and mean length of dendrites was significantly reduced in granular neurons of <i>Braf</i> deficient mice. (<b>C,D</b>) Spine density and tortuosity were not altered due to <i>Braf</i> knockout. (error bars: 95% confidence interval; n.s.: not significant, *: <i>P</i><0.05) (<b>E,F</b>) Sholl analysis of the dendritic branching revealed an overall reduction of complexity of the granular neurons. Number of intersections (<b>E</b>) and dendritic length (<b>F</b>) were significantly reduced in the distance of 80–120 and 140–160 µm (intersections) and 90–120 and 150–160 µm (dendritic length) from soma, respectively (T: tendency, *: <i>P</i><0.05).</p

Bioinformatic prediction of CREB1 and ETS/SRF target genes.

<p>Differentially downregulated genes from Braf^cko mice were analyzed for the presence of evolutionary conserved CREB1 and ETS/SRF target sites. Nine genes were found representing putative functional ERK/MAPK pathway effectors (for more detailed results, see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0035035#pone.0035035.s007" target="_blank">Table S3</a>). (n.t.: not tested).</p

Association of copy number with anxiety-related behavior in CD-1 mice.

<p>Exemplarily, data of three associations resulting in nominal <i>p</i>-values reaching significance (<i>p</i> < 0.05), a trend (<i>p</i> < 0.1), and not reaching significance (<i>p</i> > 0.05), respectively, are shown. Each dot represents data of a single animal (N = 64). The relative copy number is represented by the mean normalized intensities of JaxMDGA probes within the respective CNV. <b>(A)</b> CNV no. 498; <i>P</i>_nom = 0.0009; regression line: y = 0.0091x + 9.4389. <b>(B)</b> CNV no. 164; <i>P</i>_nom = 0.0554; regression line: y = 0.0061x + 10.201. <b>(C)</b> CNV no. 453; <i>P</i>_nom = 0.9791; regression line: y = 0.0008x + 9.6225.</p