29,455 research outputs found
Semantic categories underlying the meaning of ‘place’
This paper analyses the semantics of natural language expressions that are associated with the intuitive notion of ‘place’. We note that the nature of such terms is highly contested, and suggest that this arises from two main considerations: 1) there are a number of logically
distinct categories of place expression, which are not always clearly distinguished in discourse about ‘place’; 2) the many non-substantive place count nouns (such as ‘place’, ‘region’, ‘area’, etc.) employed in natural
language are highly ambiguous. With respect to consideration 1), we propose that place-related expressions
should be classified into the following distinct logical types: a) ‘place-like’ count nouns (further subdivided into abstract, spatial and substantive varieties), b) proper names of ‘place-like’ objects, c) locative property phrases, and d) definite descriptions of ‘place-like’ objects. We outline possible formal representations for each of these. To address consideration 2), we examine meanings, connotations and ambiguities of the English vocabulary of abstract and generic place count nouns, and identify underlying elements of meaning, which explain both
similarities and differences in the sense and usage of the various terms
Remote State Preparation
Quantum teleportation uses prior entanglement and forward classical
communication to transmit one instance of an unknown quantum state. Remote
state preparation (RSP) has the same goal, but the sender knows classically
what state is to be transmitted. We show that the asymptotic classical
communication cost of RSP is one bit per qubit - half that of teleportation -
and becomes even less when transmitting part of a known entangled state. We
explore the tradeoff between entanglement and classical communication required
for RSP, and discuss RSP capacities of general quantum channels.Comment: 4 pages including 1 epsf figure; v3 has an additional author and
discusses relation to work of Devetak and Berger (quant-ph/0102123); v4
improves low-entanglement protocols without back communication to perform as
well as low-entanglement protocols with back communication; v5 (journal
version) has a few small change
The Initial Value Problem For Maximally Non-Local Actions
We study the initial value problem for actions which contain non-trivial
functions of integrals of local functions of the dynamical variable. In
contrast to many other non-local actions, the classical solution set of these
systems is at most discretely enlarged, and may even be restricted, with
respect to that of a local theory. We show that the solutions are those of a
local theory whose (spacetime constant) parameters vary with the initial value
data according to algebraic equations. The various roots of these algebraic
equations can be plausibly interpreted in quantum mechanics as different
components of a multi-component wave function. It is also possible that the
consistency of these algebraic equations imposes constraints upon the initial
value data which appear miraculous from the context of a local theory.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX 2 epsilo
Displaying desire and distinction in housing
The article discusses the significance of cultural capital for the understanding of the field of housing in contemporary Britain. It explores the relationship between housing and the position of individuals in social space mapped out by means of a multiple correspondence analysis. It considers the material aspects of housing and the changing contexts that are linked to the creation and display of desire for social position and distinction expressed in talk about home decoration as personal expression and individuals' ideas of a `dream house'. It is based on an empirical investigation of taste and lifestyle using nationally representative survey data and qualitative interviews. The article shows both that personal resources and the imagination of home are linked to levels of cultural capital, and that rich methods of investigation are required to grasp the significance of these normally invisible assets to broaden the academic understanding of the field of housing in contemporary culture
Quantum cryptography with squeezed states
A quantum key distribution scheme based on the use of displaced squeezed
vacuum states is presented. The states are squeezed in one of two field
quadrature components, and the value of the squeezed component is used to
encode a character from an alphabet. The uncertainty relation between
quadrature components prevents an eavesdropper from determining both with
enough precision to determine the character being sent. Losses degrade the
performance of this scheme, but it is possible to use phase-sensitive
amplifiers to boost the signal and partially compensate for their effect.Comment: 15 pages, no figure
A de Finetti representation for finite symmetric quantum states
Consider a symmetric quantum state on an n-fold product space, that is, the
state is invariant under permutations of the n subsystems. We show that,
conditioned on the outcomes of an informationally complete measurement applied
to a number of subsystems, the state in the remaining subsystems is close to
having product form. This immediately generalizes the so-called de Finetti
representation to the case of finite symmetric quantum states.Comment: 22 pages, LaTe
Stretching Wiggly Strings
How does the amplitude of a wiggle on a string change when the string is
stretched? We answer this question for both longitudinal and transverse wiggles
and for arbitrary equation of state, {\it i.e.}, for arbitrary relation between
the tension and the energy per unit length of the string.
This completes our derivation of the renormalization of string parameters which
results from averaging out small scale wiggles on a string. The program is
presented here in its entirety.Comment: Written with ReVTeX 3.0 package. Two figures are not included.
Complete paper with postscript figures can be retrieved through anonymous ftp
@quark.phys.ufl.edu. Get /preprints/ifthep94_4.tar.gz, gunzip and tar it.
UFIFT-HEP-94-
On the origin of noisy states whose teleportation fidelity can be enhanced through dissipation
Recently Badziag \emph{et al.} \cite{badziag} obtained a class of noisy
states whose teleportation fidelity can be enhanced by subjecting one of the
qubits to dissipative interaction with the environment via amplitude damping
channel (ADC). We show that such noisy states result while sharing the states
(| \Phi ^{\pm}> =\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(| 00> \pm | 11>)) across ADC. We also show
that under similar dissipative interactions different Bell states give rise to
noisy entangled states that are qualitatively very different from each other in
the sense, only the noisy entangled states constructed from the Bell states (|
\Phi ^{\pm}>) can \emph{}be made better sometimes by subjecting the unaffected
qubit to a dissipative interaction with the environment. Importantly if the
noisy state is non teleporting then it can always be made teleporting with this
prescription. We derive the most general restrictions on improvement of such
noisy states assuming that the damping parameters being different for both the
qubits. However this curious prescription does not work for the noisy entangled
states generated from (| \Psi ^{\pm}> =\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(| 01> \pm | 10>)).
This shows that an apriori knowledge of the noisy channel might be helpful to
decide which Bell state needs to be shared between Alice and Bob. \emph{}Comment: Latex, 18 pages: Revised version with a new result. Submitted to PR
Large Coercivity in Nanostructured Rare-earth-free MnxGa Films
The magnetic hysteresis of MnxGa films exhibit remarkably large coercive
fields as high as 2.5 T when fabricated with nanoscale particles of a suitable
size and orientation. This coercivity is an order of magnitude larger than in
well-ordered epitaxial film counterparts and bulk materials. The enhanced
coercivity is attributed to the combination of large magnetocrystalline
anisotropy and ~ 50 nm size nanoparticles. The large coercivity is also
replicated in the electrical properties through the anomalous Hall effect. The
magnitude of the coercivity approaches that found in rare-earth magnets, making
them attractive for rare-earth-free magnet applications
Wiggly Relativistic Strings
We derive the equations of motion for general strings, i.e. strings with
arbitrary relation between tension and energy per unit length
. The renormalization of and that results from
averaging out small scale wiggles on the string is obtained in the general case
to lowest order in the amount of wiggliness. For Nambu-Goto strings we find
deviations from the equation of state in
higher orders. Finally we argue that wiggliness may radically modify the gauge
cosmic string scenario.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX, UFIFT-HEP-92-1
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