Distribution of primary attributable factors in significant high risk adult mortality local municipalities, South Africa, 2007.

<p>Provincial boundaries are shown in bold.</p

Bivariate multilevel determinants for high risk adult mortality areas using an ecological framework, South Africa, 2007.

i<p>Robust logistic regression for categorical variables and linear regression for comparison of means were employed. Note these formulations were used in place of standard χ2 and t- tests respectively to allow for clustering on the unit of analysis (quaternary level) and thus correctly adjust the standard errors (robust) and not erroneously overestimate significance.</p

Descending district level adult mortality proportions with 95% confidence intervals and highlighting significantly high or low tertiary (districts) areas, South Africa, 2007 (KZN Kwazulu-Natal: EC: Eastern Cape; MPU: Mpumalanga; FS: Free State; NW: North West; NC: Northern Cape; LP: Limpopo; G: Gauteng; WC: Western Cape).

<p>Dashed line represents the national average.</p

Example of a targetable framework of modifiable determinants for high risk adult mortality areas using a multivariable Poisson ecological approach and including population attributable fractions, South Africa, 2007.

i<p>population attributable fraction.</p>ii<p>never married, separated, divorced or widowed.</p>iii<p>based on individual level education status, monthly income and household assets (e.g. fridge, radio etc).</p>iv<p>no water service, sanitation and refuse disposal.</p

Adult mortality risk by gender at the quaternary (local municipality) level, South Africa, 2007.

<p>Districts with significant excess risk (p<0.05) are highlighted (*).</p

Map of South Africa, with provinces and neighbouring countries.

<p>Map of South Africa, with provinces and neighbouring countries.</p

a) Descending all-cause adult mortality proportions (survey) and b) cause-specific fractions attributed to infectious causes (vital registration) at the secondary level (province), South Africa, 2007.

<p>[CSF = cause specific fraction].</p

Top five broad causes of death by province, South Africa, 2007.

<p>Top five broad causes of death by province, South Africa, 2007.</p

Mortality proportion by quaternary unit: observed and projections based on attributable factor removal based on quaternary unit level prevalence of exposure, South Africa, 2007.

<p>Local municipalities are ordered from highest to lowest mortality: black curve represents the observed mortality; dark grey curve represents adjusted mortality following removal of the most attributable local municipality factors, grey curve following removal of the secondary most attributable factors, light grey line following removal of the tertiary most attributable factors. Overall average reductions are displayed using horizontal dash lines of the same colour.</p

Additional file 1: of Projected cervical Cancer incidence in Swaziland using three methods and local survey estimates

Detailed description of methods 1–3. (DOCX 115 kb