Effects of Vitamin K1 on fluoride-induced bone changes in growing rats: A histomorphometric and radiodensitometric study

PubMedID: 16137498The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of Vitamin K1 supplementation on skeletal changes related to fluoride in growing rats. Forty male Wistar rats aged 4 weeks were assigned at random into three groups: high-dose fluoride (125 ppm) group; high-dose fluoride + Vitamin K 1 (0.2 mg/(g day)) group; and a control group. The experimental period was 12 weeks. The L3 vertebrae and the right tibiae were removed, and specimens were analysed by histologic and histomorphometric methods. Quantitative radiodensitometry was also employed to assess the differences in bone mineral density (BMD) between the groups. In the tibia, total tissue area was higher in the study groups than the control group (P < 0.05). Cortical bone area was slightly higher in the fluoride + K1 group than the fluoride group, and marrow cavity area was lower in the fluoride + K1 group (P < 0.05). In the L3 vertebral cancellous bone, bone volume, trabecular number and trabecular thickness were higher in the study groups than the control group (P < 0.05). Trabecular separation was reduced in the study groups (P < 0.05), and was lower in the fluoride + K1 group than the fluoride group (P < 0.05). The fluoride + K1 group had a significantly higher BMD than the other groups (P < 0.05), and the fluoride group had a significantly higher BMD than the control group (P < 0.05). The present study found that fluoride administration increased bone mass in both vertebrae and tibiae in growing rats. Simultaneous administration of Vitamin K1 and fluoride resulted in an additional increase in vertebral bone mass. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This study was supported by Cukurova University, Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Dental Research

Effects of vitamin K1 on fluoride-induced bone changes in growing rats: A histomorphometric and radiodensitometric study (DOI:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2005.02.006)

PubMedID: 19475760The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of vitamin K1 supplementation on skeletal changes related to fluoride in growing rats. Forty male Wistar rats aged 4 weeks were assigned at random into three groups: high-dose fluoride (125 ppm) group; high-dose fluoride + vitamin K1 (0.2 mg/(g day)) group; and a control group. The experimental period was 12 weeks. The L3 vertebrae and the right tibiae were removed, and specimens were analysed by histologic and histomorphometric methods. Quantitative radiodensitometry was also employed to assess the differences in bone mineral density (BMD) between the groups. In the tibia, total tissue area was higher in the study groups than the control group (P < 0.05). Cortical bone area was slightly higher in the fluoride + K1 group than the fluoride group, and marrow cavity area was lower in the fluoride + K1 group (P < 0.05). In the L3 vertebral cancellous bone, bone volume, trabecular number and trabecular thickness were higher in the study groups than the control group (P < 0.05). Trabecular separation was reduced in the study groups (P < 0.05), and was lower in the fluoride + K1 group than the fluoride group (P < 0.05). The fluoride + K1 group had a significantly higher BMD than the other groups (P < 0.05), and the fluoride group had a significantly higher BMD than the control group (P < 0.05). The present study found that fluoride administration increased bone mass in both vertebrae and tibiae in growing rats. Simultaneous administration of vitamin K1 and fluoride resulted in an additional increase in vertebral bone mass.This study was supported by Cukurova University, Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Dental Research

Comparison of the effectiveness of three different treatment methods for temporomandibular joint disc displacement without reduction

PubMedID: 28222947The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three treatment methods for unilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc displacement without reduction (DDwoR). One hundred and twenty patients with unilateral TMJ DDwoR were assigned randomly to one of three treatment groups (40 patients in each): group 1 received arthrocentesis, group 2 received stabilization splint therapy following arthrocentesis, and group 3 received splint therapy only. The groups were compared in terms of pain (visual analogue scale), joint function (maximum mouth opening and laterotrusive movements), disability and psychological status (validated questionnaire), and success rates. These were recorded before treatment and during follow-up after treatment (1, 3, and 6 months). The between-group and within-group differences in the data were analyzed statistically. The baseline characteristics were similar in all groups (P > 0.05). Significant improvements were noted in all parameters compared to baseline values in all groups (all P < 0.01). Groups 1 and 2 showed comparable outcomes that were superior to those of group 3. Arthrocentesis reduces pain and functional impairment more rapidly and effectively than splint therapy. Simultaneous splint application has no additional effect on the effectiveness of arthrocentesis for the treatment of unilateral DDwoR. © 2017 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon

Comparison of two different forms of bovine-derived hydroxyapatite in sinus augmentation and simultaneous implant placement: An experimental study

PubMedID: 19885412The aim of this study was to compare two different forms of bovine-derived hydroxyapatite (HA) in sinus augmentation and simultaneous implant placement. Materials and Methods: The schneiderian membranes of 12 domestic pigs were elevated bilaterally through an extraoral approach. One sinus of each pig was grafted with bovine-derived granular HA (GHA) and the other was grafted with bovine-derived spongiosa block HA (BHA) (Unilab Surgibone). One dental implant was placed simultaneously into each grafted sinus. Animals were sacrificed after 6 months of healing. Primary implant stability (ISQi) and secondary implant stability (ISQf) were measured by resonance frequency analysis. Undecalcified sections were prepared for histomorphometric analysis. Results: Mean ISQi values for implants placed in sinuses grafted with BHA and GHA were 68.8 ± 5.0 and 68.2 ± 3.7, respectively (P > .05). The mean ISQf value for implants in GHA increased to 72.0 ± 5.1 and for implants in BHA decreased to 52.3 ± 8.8 (P .05). In augmented bone, mean BIC percentages were 20.6% ± 2.1% and 35.6% ± 1.8% for BHA and GHA, respectively (P = .002). Mean percentages of connective tissue were 61.9% ± 9.5% and 48.4% ± 10.7% (P = .036), new bone formation percentages were 12.8% ± 5.5% and 27.9% ± 4.6% (P = .012), and percentages of graft material around the implants were 25.3% ± 5.8% and 22.4% ± 6.2% (P > .05) for BHA and GHA, respectively. Conclusion: The form of graft material affects the osseointegration of implants in sinus augmentation and simultaneous implant placement. © 2009 by Quintessence Publishing Co Inc

Leonard buttons: A reliable method of intraoperative intermaxillary fixation in bilateral mandibular fractures

PubMedID: 22265167Purpose: To retrospectively audit outcomes of using Leonard buttons (LBs) as intraoperative intermaxillary fixation in conjunction with open reduction-internal fixation of bilateral mandibular fractures. Patients and Methods: Seventy-seven patients were included in this study. The fracture reduction score was obtained from postoperative radiographs by use of 3-tiered scoring system. Medical case notes were obtained for clinicodemographic data, including operation length, postoperative occlusion scores, periodontal status, and complications. Results: The cohort predominantly comprised male patients (87%), with a mean age of 26 years. The major cause of injury was interpersonal violence (87%). The fracture pattern most treated was angle-parasymphysis fracture (70.1%). The mean length of follow-up was 83.81 ± 79.33 days. The mean overall reduction score was 6.95 ± 1.03 in the LB group and 6.40 ± 1.68 in the arch bar (AB) group (P =.275). When the occlusion scores were evaluated, the difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P =.027). The mean operation length was shorter in the LB group compared with the AB group (142.05 ± 32.31 minutes vs 161.00 ± 24.04 minutes, P =.013). Oral hygiene was poor in 7 patients in the LB group (11.3%) and in 5 patients in the AB group (33.3%) (P =.05). No significant correlation was observed between number of LBs placed with overall reduction and occlusion scores. No significant relation was observed for number of LBs and periodontal status, infection, and nonunion. Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that LBs are able to achieve equally good reduction as ABs but have better occlusion scores, with a shorter operating time, and show better gingival health. LBs are a viable alternative to ABs in providing intraoperative intermaxillary fixation for bilateral mandibular fractures. However, further prospective, randomized studies should be undertaken to obtain conclusive evidence. © 2012 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

Dexmedetomidine Versus Midazolam in Outpatient Third Molar Surgery

PubMedID: 16916668Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the use of dexmedetomidine with the use of midazolam during intravenous conscious sedation in third molar surgery. Patients and Methods: Twenty healthy patients with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were included in this double-blind, crossover, randomized study. Either dexmedetomidine (group D) (4 µg · kg-1 · h-1) or midazolam (group M) (0.4 mg · kg-1 · h-1) was administered intravenously for 15 minutes before the first operation. At the second operation, the other agent was applied. Cardiorespiratory data were collected. The intraoperative sedation level, patient cooperation, and postoperative performance were scored and any pain reaction during the local anesthetic injection was recorded. Visual analog scales were additionally used for the subjective assessment of pain and patient satisfaction. Amnesia was evaluated by the patients' ability to recall the objects shown during the operations and the local anesthetic injection. Patients' preferences were recorded during the interview at the end of the second operations. Results: The mean heart rate and blood pressure measurements were significantly lower in group D. There was no significant difference in the respiratory findings. A significantly higher number of patients showed pain reactions in group M. Sedation level, postoperative performance, and VAS pain scores were not statistically significant, whereas the differences in cooperation score and VAS for patient satisfaction were significant. Adequate amnesia was obtained in group M, however, no amnesia was demonstrated in group D. Sixty-five percent of the patients indicated a preference for dexmedetomidine sedation. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine may be a remarkable alternative to midazolam for intravenous sedation because it seems to be a reliable and safe method, with additional analgesic effect providing a satisfactory sedation level without any serious side effects during impacted third molar surgery. © 2006 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

Anorganic bovine-derived hydroxyapatite vs b-tricalcium phosphate in sinus augmentation: A comparative histomorphometric study

PubMedID: 23072285The choice of augmentation material is a crucial factor in sinus augmentation surgery. Bovine-derived hydroxyapatite (BHA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (b-TCP) have been used successfully in sinus augmentation procedures. Choosing one of these materials for sinus augmentation is still controversial. The aim of this clinical study was to compare the biological performance of the new BHA graft material and the well-known synthetic b-TCP material in the sinus augmentation procedure. The study consisted of 23 patients (12 male and 11 female) who were either edentulous or partially edentulous in the posterior maxilla and required implant placement. A total of 23 two-step sinus-grafting procedures were performed. BHA was used in 13 patients, and b-TCP was used in 10 patients. After an average of 6.5 months of healing, bone biopsies were taken from the grafted areas. Undecalcified sections were prepared for histomorphometric analysis. The mean new bone formation was 30.13% 6 3.45% in the BHA group and 21.09% 6 2.86% in the b-TCP group (P=.001). The mean percentage of residual graft particle area was 31.88% 6 6.05% and 34.05% 6 3.01% for the BHA group and b-TCP group, respectively (P =.047). The mean percentage of soft-tissue area was 37.99% 6 5.92% in the BHA group and 44.86% 6 4.28% in the b-TCP group (P =.011). Both graft materials demonstrated successful biocompatibility and osteoconductivity in the sinus augmentation procedure. However, BHA appears to be more efficient in osteoconduction when compared with b-TCP

Placement of implants in the mandible reconstructed with free vascularized fibula flap: comparison of 2 cases

PubMedID: 18280944The reconstruction of mandibular continuity defects after tumor resection with free vascularized bone flaps is considered to be a treatment option. Although the fibula flap presents many advantages, it does not offer sufficient bone height to restore the alveolar arch when reconstruction involves a dentate mandible. In this report, 2 patients who were referred to our clinic with reconstructed mandibles with diagnosis of amelablastoma are presented and compared. The mandibles of these patients were reconstructed with free vascularized fibula flaps. Whereas one of the reconstructed mandibles was vertically distracted before implant placement, distraction procedure was not carried out for the other patient. Increasing height of the fibula flap by distraction osteogenesis before implant placement in dentate mandible is desirable from a functional and esthetic point of view. © 2008 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved

Implant treatment of atrophic maxilla following bone augmentation using iliac graft: A case report [Atrofik maksillanin iliak greft kullanilarak gerçeklestirilen kemik augmentasyonunu takiben uygulanan implant tedavisi: Olgu sunumu]

Alveolar bone resorption which occurs as a result of teeth extraction or periodontal disease causes functional and esthetic problems. In case of severe jaw-bone atrophy, bone augmentation procedures are becoming necessary prior to implant placement. During the planning of such cases, conebeam computed tomography (CBCT) examination provides detailed qualitative and quantitative data about maxillofacial bones with reduced radiation exposure. This article illustrated the implant treatment of a patient with severe atrophic maxilla following bone augmentation using iliac graft in the light of CBCT examination with 2-year of followup

Comparison of autogenous and allograft bone rings in surgically created vertical bone defects around implants in a sheep model

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare autogenous and allograft bone rings in surgically created vertical bone defects. Material and methods: Four male, 1-year-old sheep were used in this study. In each sheep, eight vertical bone defects 7 mm in diameter were created using trephine drill in the iliac wing. Autogenous and allograft bone rings 5 mm in height and 7 mm in diameter were used for vertical augmentation around implants. The study consisted of four groups according to the bone ring type and amount of vertical augmentation, autogenous 2 mm, allograft 2 mm, autogenous 4 mm, and allograft 4 mm. Two of the animals were sacrificed after 4 months, and the remaining two animals were sacrificed after 8 months. Undecalcified sections were prepared from harvested samples. Histological assessment and histomorphometric analysis were performed. Results: Autogenous 2 mm group showed higher values than allograft 2 mm group, and autogenous 4 mm group showed higher values than allograft 4 mm group in terms of bone area and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) after 4 months. However, allograft 2 mm group showed higher bone area and BIC values than autogenous 2 mm group after 8 months. Also, autogenous 4 mm and allograft 4 mm groups showed comparable results after 8 months. Allograft 2 mm and allograft 4 mm groups showed higher bone area and BIC values at 8 months compared with 4 months. Conclusions: Allograft bone ring looks promising in augmentation of surgically created vertical bone defects around implants after 8 months of healing. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Lt