Pairwise distance (K2p) of the AT-rich region, <i>cox1</i> and <i>atp8.</i>

<p>Pairwise distance (K2p) of the AT-rich region, <i>cox1</i> and <i>atp8.</i></p

Average nucleotide composition and biases of the coding genes and AT-rich region of the mitogenomes of the five Callitettixini species.

<p>*: represented with the J strand.</p>#<p>: AT-skew  =  (A-T)/(A+T), GC-skew  =  (G - C)/(G+C).</p><p>Average nucleotide composition and biases of the coding genes and AT-rich region of the mitogenomes of the five Callitettixini species.</p

DeansEtAlSupplementaryData.xls

<p> In this spreadsheet we score arthropod systematics publications (published between 2007–2012 in <em>Acta Zoologica</em>, <em>Insect Systematics & Evolution</em>, <em>Invertebrate Systematics</em>, <em>Systematic Biology</em>, <em>Systematic Entomology</em>, <em>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</em>, and <em>Zoologica Scripta)</em> for a number of metrics related to how morphological data are handled and communicated. We use this cursory review of the literature in an <em>Invertebrate Systematics</em> viewpoint paper (Evolutionary phenomics and the emerging enlightenment of arthropod systematics), in which we argue for the integration of more internal soft part characters, new methods of imaging, and new ways of communicating morphological data.</p

Relationships inferred from bayesian interface based on a 15071 nucleotide matrix (−LnL = 80211.79).

<p>Maximum likelihood (−LnL = −83131.48) and maximum parsimony analyses yield the same topology (tree length  = 16509, 6495 sites constant and 5058 sites informative). The numbers near the nodes give Bayesian posterior probability, the bootstrap values from pseudoreplicates of the maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses.</p

Schematic models of the AT-rich region and the relative position of the conserved segments.

<p>The black blocks indicate the conserved parts. The thick lines show the position of the repeat regions. The empty blocks indicate the none-conserved parts. The gray block represents the poly(N) area.</p

Comparative Analysis of the Mitochondrial Genomes of Callitettixini Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) Confirms the Overall High Evolutionary Speed of the AT-Rich Region but Reveals the Presence of Short Conservative Elements at the Tribal Level

<div><p>The present study compares the mitochondrial genomes of five species of the spittlebug tribe Callitettixini (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Cercopidae) from eastern Asia. All genomes of the five species sequenced are circular double-stranded DNA molecules and range from 15,222 to 15,637 bp in length. They contain 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein coding genes (PCGs) and 2 rRNA genes and share the putative ancestral gene arrangement of insects. The PCGs show an extreme bias of nucleotide and amino acid composition. Significant differences of the substitution rates among the different genes as well as the different codon position of each PCG are revealed by the comparative evolutionary analyses. The substitution speeds of the first and second codon position of different PCGs are negatively correlated with their GC content. Among the five species, the AT-rich region features great differences in length and pattern and generally shows a 2–5 times higher substitution rate than the fastest PCG in the mitochondrial genome, <i>atp8</i>. Despite the significant variability in length, short conservative segments were identified in the AT-rich region within Callitettixini, although absent from the other groups of the spittlebug superfamily Cercopoidea.</p></div

The sequences of the conserved area of the AT-rich regions of the five Callitettixini species.

<p>Numbers at the left-top corners are corresponding to the numbered conserved areas marked in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0109140#pone-0109140-g004" target="_blank">figure 4</a>.</p

Mymaromma habitus, imaged using CLSM

<p>Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope video showing a Mymaromma sp. (Hymenoptera: Mymarommatidae). This video is a supplementary file for our viewpoint paper in <em>Invertebrate Systematics</em> (Evolutionary phenomics and the emerging enlightenment of arthropod systematics). </p

Average Amino acid frequencies of proteins coded by the mitogenomes of the five Callitettixini species given in percentage.

<p>Average Amino acid frequencies of proteins coded by the mitogenomes of the five Callitettixini species given in percentage.</p

Nucleotide compositions of the codon positions of the PCGs.

<p>Nucleotide compositions of the codon positions of the PCGs.</p