Dose response relationship of oxantel pamoate combinations against <i>T. muris</i> in vitro.

<p>Oxantel pamoate-levamisole (blue line), oxantel pamoate-ivermectin (green line), oxantel pamoate-mebendazole (red line), oxantel pamoate-pyrantel pamoate (pink line) and oxantel pamoate-albendazole (orange line) were combined using ratios based on their IC₅₀s.</p

<i>In vitro</i> activity of oxantel pamoate against <i>T. muris</i>, <i>A. ceylanicum</i> and <i>N. americanus</i>.

<p>IC₅₀ median effect dose. r = linear correlation coefficient of the median-effect plot, indicating the goodness of fit. r≥0.85 indicates a satisfactory fit. IC₅₀s of albendazole, mebendazole, levamisole, pyrantel pamoate, and ivermectin have been published elsewhere <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002119#pntd.0002119-Tritten1" target="_blank">[25]</a>. n.d. = not determined.</p

Characteristics of studies examining the association of sanitation availability or sanitation use with soil-transmitted helminth infections, including quality assessment.

a<p>Data provided by author.</p><p>A.l., <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i>; BM, Baermann (technique); Cal., calculated; DS, direct smear; FEC, formalin-ether concentration (technique); FES, formalin-ether sedimentation (technique); HH, household; H-M, Harada-Mori (technique); Hw, hookworm; KAP, Koga agar plate (technique); K-K, Kato-Katz (technique); Mod., modified; MVA, multivariate analysis; PAFS, polyvinyl alcohol fixative solution; PSc, pre-school children; n.s., not stated; RFEC, Ritchie's formalin-ether concentration (technique); Sc, schoolchildren; SS, stool sedimentation (technique); STH, soil-transmitted helminths; T-L, Teleman-Lima (technique); T.t., <i>Trichuris trichiura</i>; UVA, univariate analysis; ZSF, zinc sulfate flotation (technique).</p

Meta-analysis examining the association of sanitation facilities with <i>T. trichiura</i> infection.

<p>Data are presented separately for availability and use of sanitation. Rectangles indicate ORs, and sizes of the rectangles represent the weight given to each study in the meta-analysis; open diamonds and vertical dashed lines indicate combined ORs; and horizontal lines indicate 95% CIs. Data are presented separately for ^aonly pit latrine, ^bonly solar urine-diverting desiccating latrine, ^conly adults, ^donly children. N.A., not assessed.</p

Summary results of sub-group analysis examining the association of sanitation with soil-transmitted helminth infections.

<p>N.A., not assessed.</p

Meta-analysis examining the association of sanitation facilities with <i>A. lumbricoides</i> infection.

<p>Data are presented separately for availability and use of sanitation. Rectangles indicate ORs, and sizes of the rectangles represent the weight given to each study in the meta-analysis; open diamonds and vertical dashed lines indicate combined ORs; and horizontal lines indicate 95% CIs. Data are presented separately for ^aonly pit latrine, ^bonly solar urine-diverting desiccating latrine, ^conly adults, ^donly children. N.A., not assessed.</p

Meta-analysis examining the association of sanitation facilities with hookworm infection.

<p>Data are presented separately for availability and use of sanitation. Rectangles indicate ORs, and sizes of the rectangles represent the weight given to each study in the meta-analysis; open diamonds and vertical dashed lines indicate combined ORs; and horizontal lines indicate 95% CIs. Data are presented separately for ^aonly pit latrine, ^bonly solar urine-diverting desiccating latrine, ^conly adults, ^donly children. N.A., not assessed.</p

Meta-analysis examining the association of sanitation facilities with infection with the three common soil-transmitted helminths combined.

<p>Data are presented separately for availability and use of sanitation. Rectangles indicate ORs, and sizes of the rectangles represent the weight given to each study in the meta-analysis; open diamonds and vertical dashed lines indicate combined ORs; and horizontal lines indicate 95% CIs. Data are presented separately for ^aonly adults and ^bonly children.</p

Flowchart visualizing the procedure for identifying relevant publications.

<p>Overall, 36 publications were identified, containing 39 datasets (A). Number of hits (B) and ultimate identification of relevant publications (C) are also shown, for three different electronic databases. STH, soil-transmitted helminths. ^aMultiple exclusion criteria possible.</p

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Efficacy and reinfection with soil-transmitted helminths 18-weeks post-treatment with albendazole-ivermectin, albendazole-mebendazole, albendazole-oxantel pamoate and mebendazole

Arithmetic mean egg per gram (EPG), egg-reduction rates (ERR) and extended ERRs for the four different treatments against T. trichiura, A. lumbricoides and hookworms infections. (DOCX 17 kb