Demographic and clinical characteristics for different groups.

<p>Demographic and clinical characteristics for different groups.</p

Flow diagram of patient’s enrollment.

<p>Flow diagram of patient’s enrollment.</p

Treatment outcomes (pre, post, and change scores).

<p>Treatment outcomes (pre, post, and change scores).</p

Changes of allergic symptoms for open-label placebo and control group for single symptom groups (mean and standard error).

<p>Results show significant improvements for the open-label placebo group but not for the control group. * p < 0.05, (*) p = 0.06.</p

Changes of allergic symptoms for open-label placebo and control group (mean and standard error).

<p>Patients indicated their response on a seven-point scale ranging from ‘never’ (1) to ‘always’ (7) (composite score of all symptoms). Results demonstrate significantly stronger improvement for the open-label placebo group relative to the control group. * p = 0.02.</p

Change of mental or emotional quality of life (mental sum score of the SF-36) when receiving detailed information on placebos (raising positive expectancies) compared with no detailed information about the power of placebos.

<p>Results revealed stronger improvement of mental or emotional quality of life when being told that placebos are powerful (irrespective of receiving open-label placebos).</p