Schematic illustration of the “best contrast” (BC) post-processing.

<p>The center is defining the attenuation level, at which image information is highlighted. By adjustment of the slope and delta of the attenuation curve, the expression of the post-processing can be modulated.</p

Descriptive statistics and comparison of EFS and mTBF values for low-perfused and high-perfused gliomas.

<p>*<i>P</i> = 0.0012;</p><p>**<i>P</i> = 0.0013.</p><p>N: number of patients; EFS: mean of event-free survival in days ± SD; mTBF: average of mTFB values in ml/100 g/min ± SD.</p

Contrast enhanced T1-weighted images (a, c) with corresponding ASL perfusion maps (b, d) in two glioblastoma patients.

<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0099616#pone-0099616-g004" target="_blank">Figs. 4a</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0099616#pone-0099616-g004" target="_blank">4b</a> show a low-perfused (mTBF = 97 ml/100 g/min) tumor, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0099616#pone-0099616-g004" target="_blank">Figs. 4c</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0099616#pone-0099616-g004" target="_blank">4d</a> depict a high-perfused (mTBF = 599 ml/100 g/min) glioma.</p

64 year-old male patient with ischemic stroke of the right cerebral hemisphere due to an isolated occlusion of the right internal carotid artery.

<p>While the NECT (A) only give an idea of a slight dedifferentiation of gray and white matter at the insular cortex, the “best contrast” image (B) shows a great delineated infarction (long arrows) with involvement of the internal capsule (short arrow). The diagnosis was confirmed on follow-up CT, which shows that the BC image reflects the infarct size more accurately (C).</p

50-year-old male patient with ischemic stroke of the left hemisphere due to occlusion of the left internal carotid artery (ICA).

<p>The NECT (A) does not show a significant infarct demarcation, whilst the “best contrast” optimized images (B) show a demarcation of the left basal ganglia and the insular cortex (arrows), which was confirmed by follow-up CT (C).</p

Bland & Altman plot of the ASPECTS score of the NECT analysis in comparison to the “best contrast” image analysis.

<p>Bland & Altman plot of the ASPECTS score of the NECT analysis in comparison to the “best contrast” image analysis.</p

Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis for patients with low-perfused (continuous line) or high-perfused (dashed line) gliomas (stratified according to the optimal mTBF cut-off value) after total tumor resection.

<p>Patients with low-perfused gliomas had significantly longer EFS compared to patients with high-perfused gliomas (<i>P</i> = 0.0046).</p

Results of the automated detection performance evaluation for unsupervised (IF: Isolation forest, MAH: Mahalanobis distance) and supervised (RFC: Random forest) classifiers, based on different sets of surface measures each with (w/) or without (w/o) FLAIR intensity data.

Performance is summarized by the area under the alternative free-response ROC curve (AFROC AUC, y-axis). (A) MRI-positive patients, (B) MRI-negative cohort with electroclinical lobar hypotheses, compared between MPRAGE- (blue) and MP2RAGE-based (red) data. The color scale depicts the uncorrected p-value for each AUC under the simulated null distribution. The dashed line reflects the p-value/AUC threshold for a family-wise error rate (FWER) of 0.05 with Bonferroni correction for 36 comparisons in each cohort.</p

Results of the automated detection performance evaluation for univariate surface measure analysis, summarized by the area under the alternative free-response ROC curve (AFROC AUC).

(A) MRI-positive patients, (B) MRI-negative cohort with electroclinical lobar hypotheses, compared between MPRAGE- (blue) and MP2RAGE-based (red) data. The color scale depicts the uncorrected p-value for each AUC under the simulated null distribution. The dashed line reflects the p-value/AUC threshold for a family-wise error rate (FWER) of 0.05 with Bonferroni correction for 38 comparisons in each cohort.</p

Multiple comparison graph illustrating the average mTBF of the examined tumors according to their WHO grade.

<p>All data are plotted by dots (circles), the mean values in each group by triangles, and the 95% CI by bars. mTBF is measured in ml/100 g/min.</p