DSG2 expression in human metastatic prostate cancer cell lines.

<p>(A) DSG2 expression is detected in all cell lines examined, including the normal immortalized prostate cell line BPH-1. Data is represented as mean ± SD. **P<0.01; *** P<0.001. (<b>B–E</b>) DSG2 is expressed at the cell border of LNCaP and DU145 cells; however, cell border expression is not detected in PC3 cells with only some cells showing faint, punctate, and diffuse staining (insert magnification; shown at 2.5X). Original magnification: 200X. Scale bars correspond to 100 µm.</p

Desmoglein expression in normal human prostate.

<p>(A) Clear expression of mRNA can be detected for most desmogleins, with the exception of <i>DSG1</i> which shows only faint expression. (<b>B–C</b>) Representative immunofluorescence analyses of DSG2 (B) and DSG4 (C) at the cell border of normal human prostatic glandular epithelium. Original magnification: 200X. Scale bars correspond to 100 µm.</p

Expression of DSG2 in prostate cancer as compared to normal prostate.

<p>*<i>P</i>-value determined using Student's T-test.</p

Low expression of DSG2 is a poor prognosis biomarker for patients with prostatic carcinoma.

<p>(A–L) Representative immunofluorescence analysis of DSG2 and CK8/18 in prostate cancer. (<b>D, E–H</b>) TMAs showing high DSG2 expression in the cell border of well differentiated areas of the tumor (panel D, inside yellow dashed line). (<b>D, I–L</b>) TMAs showing low DSG2 expression in poorly differentiated areas of the tumor (panel D, shown in the remainder of the tumor outside of the yellow dashed line). Original magnification: 200X. Scale bars correspond to 100 µm. (<b>M</b>) Patients expressing higher levels of DSG2 had a significantly longer recurrence free survival than those expressing lower levels of DSG2 (<i>P</i> = 0.01).</p

Multivariate analyses in the 414 patient cohort.

<p>*HR: Hazard Ratio;</p><p>**CI: Confidence Interval;</p><p>***<i>P</i>-value determined by Cox proportional hazards model.</p

Correlation between DSG2 and clinico-pathological characteristics.

<p>*Spearman's rho correlation is significant at P<0.05 level and **P<0.01 level (2-tailed).</p

DSG2 and DSG4 are specifically localized in the luminal cells of the normal prostate gland.

<p>(A–C) DSG2 is expressed in the luminal cells of the prostatic glands and this expression rarely co-localizes with basal cell CK14 expression. (<b>D–F</b>) DSG2 co-localizes with PSA expression in the luminal compartment of the gland. (<b>G–I</b>) DSG4 is also expressed in the luminal cells and rarely co-localizes with basal cell CK14 expression. (<b>J–L</b>) DSG4 expression co-localizes with luminal cell PSA expression. (<b>M–O</b>) The expression of DSG4 also shows almost complete co-localization with that of DSG2 in the luminal cells. Original magnification: 200X. Scale bars correspond to 100 µm.</p

Validation of potential beef tenderness markers and interpretation of their biological functions

Human and Animal Development Regulatory Mechanisms Session 12 : Experimental epileptology and neurodegenerationabsen

Association of SNPs with advanced prostate cancer risk (P-value <0.01).

<p>Odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and P-values obtained using the unconditional multivariate logistic model adjusted on age, institution, and genetic ancestry (first Principal Component) for SNPs that had at least one of the three tests (heterozygous, rare homozygous or trend) with a P-value below 0.01.</p

Study characteristics of the advanced prostate cancer cases and controls.

a<p>P-values obtained using either a Student t-test (quantitative coding) or a Chi-square test (qualitative coding).</p>b<p>The sum of all categories does not add to the total due to missing data.</p