Endocrine disruptor pesticides on non target pollinator

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are substances that disturb the endocrine system's normal function, potentially causing sickness or deformities in organisms and their progeny. Pesticides are commonly employed to destroy undesired organisms in crops, public places, houses, and gardens, as well as to treat parasites medicinally. Many have been identified as EDs or are suspected of being EDs. Pesticides applied to agricultural or horticultural landscapes were the predominant, if not exclusive, source of pesticide exposure for honey bees and the source of hive product contamination until the early 1980s. Pollinators, such as honey bees, are responsible for the successful reproduction of over 87 percent of flowering plant species, making them critical to ecosystem health and agricultural productivity. &nbsp

Prevalance, Mean Intensity and relative density of nematode parasite Contracaecum sp. from the gill of Channa striatus.

The study deals with the investigation of nematode parasitic infection in Channa striatus collected from different water bodies of Mavelikara Municipality, Alappuzha district, Kerala, India. The snake head fishes collected during the study period were found to be infected with the larval nematode parasite, Contracaecum sp. The mean prevalence of infection of the parasite on Channa striatus was 63.75%. The mean intensity was 1.22 and the relative density recorded was 0.76.The present study represents a new locality record for the larval nematode parasite, Contracaecum sp