La nueva ley de educación inglesa (1944) y el plan de Londres (1947) para su realización

Professor Benito Duran begins his study by pointing out the crisis of the English education which was originated by an incorrect amplification of the complete educational work. In order to study the London County Plan to a great extent in its legal and structural aspects the author carefully examines the principal sections of the English Law of Education of 1944 to present both the previous problems and the very development of the «London School Plan, 1947». He points out some groups of problems to end by enhancing the psycho-pedagogical neutrality of the plan, its social trend and its evident merits and indecisions

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1.

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

La construcción del edificio para "La Unión y El Fénix Español", en Madrid – España

This article describes the most interesting features in the construction of this tall building. Mention is made of the foundation problems, due to the special nature of the soil, and the solutions adopted. Information is also given of the construction of the central lift shaft, with a steel base, and the rest made with sliding formwork. The building has three levels below the ground and 19 storeys.Se explican en este artículo los detalles más interesantes de su construcción, los problemas que ha presentado la cimentación —dadas las características especiales del terreno— y las soluciones adoptadas; asimismo se describe la especial realización del núcleo central de ascensores, con su arranque metálico y el resto del fuste ejecutado con encofrado deslizante. El edificio tiene tres sótanos y 19 plantas útiles