Long-Term Consequences for Offspring of Paternal Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome

Background. Recent studies have reported an increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. However, few have focused how diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome together in parents can influence on obesity and metabolic disturbances in offspring. Objective. To know the risk obesity and metabolic disturbance in children, adolescents, and young adults whose parents have diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Methods. A comparative survey was made in healthy children of parents with diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome compared with offspring of healthy parents. We performed anthropometry and evaluated blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides levels in plasma. We registered parent antecedents to diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome and investigated the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and metabolic disturbances in offspring. Results. We studied 259 subjects of 7 to 20 years of age. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 27% and 37%, respectively. The highest proportion of BMI >95th of the entire group was found in offspring with both diabetic parents. Glucose and total cholesterol levels were lower in the group with healthy parents compared with the group with diabetic mother and metabolic syndrome but with healthy father. HDL cholesterol was higher in the group with both healthy parents than in the group with diabetic mother and metabolic syndrome but healthy father. Conclusions. The offspring of parents with diabetes plus metabolic syndrome showed higher proportion of variables related to metabolic syndrome compared with healthy parents

Desarrollo de una técnica para la detección in vitro de la presencia de antibióticos en muestras de hígado de res, cerdo y pollo

With the discovery of antibiotics, millions of lives have been saved, however, its effectiveness has been declining has been declining at the same microorganisms are developing resistance because of their constant exposure during application on the growth of animals for slaugther, so it is necessary to have techniques for the early detection of their presence in food. A cross-sectional and preliminar study was conducted to stablish the feasibility to determine the presence of antibiotics in samples of liver of beef, pork and chicken by inhibiting the growing of the Escherichia coli ATCC25922 strain following the Kirby-Bauer methodology. Fiftheen Petri plates (five for each liver sample: beef, pork and poultry) containing the Mueller Hinton agar were inoculated with the E. coli ATCC25922 strain antibiotic sensitive. In each agar plate a portion of liver of 5 mm of diameter were placed 1 cm away from each inoculum. The plates were incubated at 35 OC for 24 h and the presence of inhibition halos were evaluated. It was found that only one of the fiftheen liver samples analyzed, corresponding to a beef liver, showed a inhibition halo higher than 30 mm. The results obtained indicated the feasibility of using this technique to detect the presence of antibiotics in meat products.El descubrimiento de los antibióticos ha permitido salvar la vida de millones de personas, sin embargo, su efectividad ha ido disminuyendo a la par que los microorganismos van desarrollando resistencia debido a su exposición constante durante su aplicación en el crecimiento de animales de abasto, por lo que se hace necesario contar con técnicas de detección oportuna de su presencia en alimentos. Se realizó un estudio preliminar, de corte transversal, en muestras de hígado de res, cerdo y pollo para establecer la viabilidad de determinar la presencia de antibióticos mediante la inhibición del crecimiento de una cepa de Escherichia coli ATCC25922, utilizando el método de Kirby-Bauer. Se inocularon 15 cajas Petri conteniendo agar Mueller Hinton (cinco para cada muestra de hígado: res, cerdo y pollo), con la cepa E. Coli sensible a antibióticos. En cada caja de agar se colocaron porciones de hígado de 5 mm de diámetro, con 1 cm de distancia entre muestras. Las cajas se incubaron a 35 OC por 24 h y se evaluó la formación de halos de inhibición. Se encontró que sólo una de las 15 muestras de hígado analizadas, correspondiente a hígado de res, presentó un halo de inhibición mayor a 30 mm. Los resultados obtenidos indican la viabilidad de usar esta técnica para la detección de la presencia de antibióticos en productos cárnicos

Glossopharyngeal Nerve Block versus Lidocaine Spray to Improve Tolerance in Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Aim of the Study. To compare the effect of glossopharyngeal nerve block with topical anesthesia on the tolerance of patients to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Methods. We performed a clinical trial in one hundred patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following two groups: (1) treatment with bilateral glossopharyngeal nerve block (GFNB) and intravenous midazolam or (2) treatment with topical anesthetic (TASS) and intravenous midazolam. We evaluated sedation, tolerance to the procedure, hemodynamic stability, and adverse symptoms. Results. We studied 46 men and 54 women, from 17 to 78 years of age. The procedure was reported without discomfort in 48 patients (88%) in the GFNB group and 32 (64%) in the TAAS group; 6 patients (12%) in GFNB group and 18 (36%) in TAAS group reported the procedure as little discomfort (χ2=3.95, P=0.04). There was no difference in frequency of nausea (4% in both groups) and retching, 4% versus 8% for GFNB and TASS group, respectively (P=0.55). Conclusions. The use of glossopharyngeal nerve block provides greater comfort and tolerance to the patient undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. It also reduces the need for sedation