Space experiments on-board of lomonosov mission to study gamma-ray bursts and UHECRS

The number of experiments on-board Lomonosov spacecraft are preparing now at SINP MSU in co-operation with other organisations. The main idea of Lomonosov mission is to study extreme astrophysical phenomena, such as cosmic gamma-ray bursts and ultra-high energy cosmic rays. These phenomena connect with processes occurred in very distant astrophysical objects of the Early Universe and give us information about first stages of Universe evolution. Thus, the Lomonosov mission scientific equipment includes several instruments for gamma-ray burst observation in optics, ultra-violet, X-rays and gamma-rays and the wide aperture telescope for ultra-high energy particle study by detection of ionisation light along its tracks in the atmosphere. The main parameters and a brief description of these instruments are presented

Overview of the Liulin type instruments for space radiation measurement and their scientific results

Ionizing radiation is recognized to be one of the main health concerns for humans in the space radiation environment. Estimation of space radiation effects on health requires theaccurate knowledge of the accumulated absorbed dose, which depends on the global space radiation distribution, solar cycle and local shielding generated by the 3D mass distribution of the space vehicle. This paper presents an overview of the spectrometer–dosimeters of the Liulin type, which were developed in the late 1980s and have been in use since then. Two major measurement systems have been developed by our team. The first one is based on one silicon detector and is known as a Liulin-type deposited energy spectrometer(DES) (Dachev et al., 2002, 2003), while the second one is a dosimetric telescope (DT) with two or three silicon detectors. The Liulin-type instruments were calibrated using a number of radioactive sources and particle accelerators. The main results of the calibrations are presented in the paper. In the last section of the paper some of the most significant scientific results obtained in space and on aircraft, balloon and rocket flights since 1989 are presented