Additional file 1 of Impact of familiarity with the format of the exam on performance in the OSCE of undergraduate medical students – an interventional study

Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. OSCE subspecialties and main checklist items

Choice of High-Dose Intravenous Iron Preparation Determines Hypophosphatemia Risk

<div><p>Background</p><p>Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) and iron isomaltoside 1000 (IIM) are increasingly used because they allow correction of severe iron deficiency in a single infusion. A transient decrease in serum phosphate concentrations is a frequent side effect of FCM.</p><p>Aim</p><p>To characterize this adverse event and search for its predictors in a gastroenterology clinic patient cohort.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Electronic medical records of patients attending the University Hospital of Innsbruck were searched for the keywords ferric carboxymaltose or iron isomaltoside. Eighty-one patients with documented administration of FCM or IIM with plasma phosphate concentrations before and after treatment were included.</p><p>Results</p><p>The prevalence of hypophosphatemia (<0.8 mmol/L) increased from 11% to 32.1% after treatment with i.v. iron. The hypophosphatemia risk was greater after FCM (45.5%) compared with IIM (4%). Severe hypophosphatemia (<0.6 mmol/L) occurred exclusively after FCM (32.7%). The odds for hypophosphatemia after i.v. iron treatment were independently determined by baseline phosphate and the choice of i.v. iron preparation (FCM vs. IIM—OR = 20.8; 95% CI, 2.6–166; p = 0.004). The median time with hypophosphatemia was 41 days, but prolonged hypophosphatemia of ≥ 2 months was documented in 13 of 17 patients in whom follow-up was available. A significant increase in the phosphaturic hormone intact FGF-23 in hypophosphatemic patients shows that this adverse event is caused by FCM-induced hormone dysregulation.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Treatment with FCM is associated with a high risk of developing severe and prolonged hypophosphatemia and should therefore be monitored. Hypophosphatemia risk appears to be substantially lower with IIM.</p></div

Binary logistic regression analysis for the prediction of hypophosphatemia after treatment with i.v. iron.

<p>All variables listed in Table A in the <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0167146#pone.0167146.s001" target="_blank">S1 File</a> were tested, but only significant predictors of hypophosphatemia on univariate analysis are listed below.</p

Prevalence of hypophosphatemia before and after FCM and IIM.

<p>Prevalence of hypophosphatemia before and after FCM and IIM.</p

Relative changes from baseline to post treatment comparing means or medians in the cohort of hypophosphatemia patients with the group of patients who maintained normal plasma phosphate:

<p>Relative changes from baseline to post treatment comparing means or medians in the cohort of hypophosphatemia patients with the group of patients who maintained normal plasma phosphate:</p

Clinical and biochemical parameters at baseline in patients who developed hypophosphatemia compared with patients who did not develop hypophosphatemia.

<p>Clinical and biochemical parameters at baseline in patients who developed hypophosphatemia compared with patients who did not develop hypophosphatemia.</p

Post-treatment phosphate concentration plotted against the time interval between the plasma phosphate measurement and iron treatment.

<p>Different symbols indicate the iron preparation given.</p

Supplemental material for Liver disease in adults with α1-antitrypsin deficiency

<p>Supplemental material for Liver disease in adults with α1-antitrypsin deficiency by Mattias Mandorfer, Theresa Bucsics, Veronika Hutya, Karin Schmid-Scherzer, Benedikt Schaefer, Heinz Zoller, Arnulf Ferlitsch, Markus Peck-Radosavljevic, Michael Trauner, Peter Ferenci, Meinhard Kneussl and Thomas Reiberger in United European Gastroenterology Journal</p

Observed incidence and genotype distribution of HCV infections in Tyrol.

<p>Observed incidence and genotype distribution of HCV infections in Tyrol.</p

Comparison of incident HCV infections and associated clinical endpoints between baseline (black line) and WHO 2030 models (green line) for Tyrol.

<p>Numbers in the blue box indicate the total numbers of averted cases.</p