234 research outputs found
Complex periodic potentials with real band spectra
This paper demonstrates that complex PT-symmetric periodic potentials possess
real band spectra. However, there are significant qualitative differences in
the band structure for these potentials when compared with conventional real
periodic potentials. For example, while the potentials V(x)=i\sin^{2N+1}(x),
(N=0, 1, 2, ...), have infinitely many gaps, at the band edges there are
periodic wave functions but no antiperiodic wave functions. Numerical analysis
and higher-order WKB techniques are used to establish these results.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, LaTe
Effective Potential for Complex Langevin Equations
We construct an effective potential for the complex Langevin equation on a
lattice. We show that the minimum of this effective potential gives the
space-time and Langevin time average of the complex Langevin field. The loop
expansion of the effective potential is matched with the derivative expansion
of the associated Schwinger-Dyson equation to predict the stationary
distribution to which the complex Langevin equation converges.Comment: 23 pages, 2 figure
Semiclassical Analysis of Quasi-Exact Solvability
Higher-order WKB methods are used to investigate the border between the
solvable and insolvable portions of the spectrum of quasi-exactly solvable
quantum-mechanical potentials. The analysis reveals scaling and factorization
properties that are central to quasi-exact solvability. These two properties
define a new class of semiclassically quasi-exactly solvable potentials.Comment: 12 pages, ReVTe
The Stokes Phenomenon and Schwinger Vacuum Pair Production in Time-Dependent Laser Pulses
Particle production due to external fields (electric, chromo-electric or
gravitational) requires evolving an initial state through an interaction with a
time-dependent background, with the rate being computed from a Bogoliubov
transformation between the in and out vacua. When the background fields have
temporal profiles with sub-structure, a semiclassical analysis of this problem
confronts the full subtlety of the Stokes phenomenon: WKB solutions are only
local, while the production rate requires global information. Incorporating the
Stokes phenomenon, we give a simple quantitative explanation of the recently
computed [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 150404 (2009)] oscillatory momentum spectrum of
e+e- pairs produced from vacuum subjected to a time-dependent electric field
with sub-cycle laser pulse structure. This approach also explains naturally why
for spinor and scalar QED these oscillations are out of phase.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figs.; v2 sign typo corrected, version to appear in PR
Chiral Extrapolation: An Analogy with Effective Field Theory
We draw an analogy between the chiral extrapolation of lattice QCD
calculations from large to small quark masses and the interpolation between the
large mass (weak field) and small mass (strong field) limits of the
Euler--Heisenberg QED effective action. In the latter case, where the exact
answer is known, a simple extrapolation of a form analogous to those proposed
for the QCD applications is shown to be surprisingly accurate over the entire
parameter range.Comment: 6 pp, revtex, 3 figs; minor changes -- version to appear in PL
Non-unions treated with bone morphogenic protein 7: introducing the quantitative measurement of human serum cytokine levels as promising tool in evaluation of adjunct non-union therapy
Background: In this study we sought to determine if application of bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP-7) promotes physiological bone healing of non-unions and to investigate if serum cytokine analysis may serve as a promising tool in the analysis of adjunct non-union therapy. Therefore we analyzed the influence of BMP-7 application on the serum cytokine expression patterns on patients with impaired bone healing compared to patients that showed proper bone healing. Methods: Our study involved analyzing blood samples from 208 patients with long bone fractures together with patients that subsequently developed non-unions. From this large pool, 15 patients with atrophic non-union were matched to 15 patients with atrophic non-union treated with local application of BMP-7 as well as normal bone healing. Changes in the cytokine expression patterns were monitored during the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th and 52nd week. The patients were followed both clinically and radiologically for the entire duration of the study. Serum cytokine expression levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were analyzed and compared. Results: Serum expression of TGF-β were nearly parallel in all three groups, however serum concentrations were significantly higher in patients with proper bone healing and those treated with BMP-7 than in patients with non-unions (p < 0.05). bFGF serum concentrations increased initially in patients with proper bone healing and in those treated with BMP-7. Afterwards, values decreased; bFGF serum concentrations in the BMP-7 group were significantly higher than in the other groups (p < 0.05). PDGF serum concentration levels were nearly parallel in all groups, serum concentrations were significantly higher in patients with proper bone healing and those treated with BMP-7 than in patients with non-unions (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Treatment with BMP-7 in patients with former non-unions led to similar cytokine expression patterns after treatment as those found in patients with proper bone healing. Our results suggest that treatment with BMP-7 promote healing of non-unions. Furthermore, quantitative measurement of serum cytokine expression is a promising tool for evaluating the effectiveness of additional non-union therapies such as adjunct application of growth factors
The Effects of Videotape Testimony in Jury Trials: Studies on Juror Decision Making, Information Retention, and Emotional Arousal
Summary of Contents
I. Introduction: The Nature of the Research
II. Group I : The Nugent u. Clark Studies
A. Background
1. Selecting the stimulus trial
2. Editing the transcript
3. Preparing the trial
a. Casting
b. Equipment
B. Nugent u. Clark Study
1 : live v. videotape trials 1. Questions examined
2. Procedures
a. The live presentation
b. The videotape presentation
c. The questionnaire
3. Results and discussion
a. Negligence verdicts and mean awards
b. Juror perception of attorney credibility
c. Juror information retention
d. Juror interest and motivation
4. Conclusions from Study 1
C. Nugent u. Clark Study 2: split-screen v. full-screen videotape presentations
1. Questions examined
2. Procedure
The Effects of Videotape Testimony in Jury Trials: Studies on Juror Decision Making, Information Retention, and Emotional Arousal
Summary of Contents
I. Introduction: The Nature of the Research
II. Group I : The Nugent u. Clark Studies
A. Background
1. Selecting the stimulus trial
2. Editing the transcript
3. Preparing the trial
a. Casting
b. Equipment
B. Nugent u. Clark Study
1 : live v. videotape trials 1. Questions examined
2. Procedures
a. The live presentation
b. The videotape presentation
c. The questionnaire
3. Results and discussion
a. Negligence verdicts and mean awards
b. Juror perception of attorney credibility
c. Juror information retention
d. Juror interest and motivation
4. Conclusions from Study 1
C. Nugent u. Clark Study 2: split-screen v. full-screen videotape presentations
1. Questions examined
2. Procedure
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