12 research outputs found
Opinion dynamics: models, extensions and external effects
Recently, social phenomena have received a lot of attention not only from
social scientists, but also from physicists, mathematicians and computer
scientists, in the emerging interdisciplinary field of complex system science.
Opinion dynamics is one of the processes studied, since opinions are the
drivers of human behaviour, and play a crucial role in many global challenges
that our complex world and societies are facing: global financial crises,
global pandemics, growth of cities, urbanisation and migration patterns, and
last but not least important, climate change and environmental sustainability
and protection. Opinion formation is a complex process affected by the
interplay of different elements, including the individual predisposition, the
influence of positive and negative peer interaction (social networks playing a
crucial role in this respect), the information each individual is exposed to,
and many others. Several models inspired from those in use in physics have been
developed to encompass many of these elements, and to allow for the
identification of the mechanisms involved in the opinion formation process and
the understanding of their role, with the practical aim of simulating opinion
formation and spreading under various conditions. These modelling schemes range
from binary simple models such as the voter model, to multi-dimensional
continuous approaches. Here, we provide a review of recent methods, focusing on
models employing both peer interaction and external information, and
emphasising the role that less studied mechanisms, such as disagreement, has in
driving the opinion dynamics. [...]Comment: 42 pages, 6 figure
Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade: o que nos informa a investigação dimensional? Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: what does the dimensional research inform us?
Investiga-se o Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH) em contexto escolar adotando a perspectiva dimensional. Participaram 107 crianças com idade média de 12,37 anos. Utilizou-se a Escala de TDAH - versão para professores, uma versão adaptada para pais e tarefas computadorizadas de processamento cognitivo. A prevalência de Hiperatividade pelo relato de professores e pais foi condizente com aquela apontada pela literatura (4,7%). O Déficit de Atenção, avaliado por pais e professores, correlacionou com todas as medidas de processamento de informação. Hiperatividade e Comportamento Anti-social correlacionaram com as medidas de memória de trabalho quando a primeira foi avaliada pelos professores e a segunda pelos pais, refletindo baixa concordância entre o relato de informantes a respeito das dimensões comportamentais do TDAH. Entretanto, as respostas dos professores parecem estar mais de acordo com a literatura. Conclui-se que a perspectiva dimensional de investigação pode fornecer informações relevantes sobre as características demográficas e cognitivas do TDAH.<br>This research investigates the Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in a school context from a dimensional perspective. It took part of the study 107 children with mean age of 12,37 years. It was used the ADHD's Scale - teacher's version and an adapted form for parents in addition to computer tasks to measure cognitive processing. The prevalence of Hyperactivity, according to teachers and parent's report, was consistent with the literature (4,7%). Attention deficit correlated with all measures of cognitive processing. Hyperactivity and Antisocial Behavior correlated with working memory measures only when the first was assessed by teachers and the second was assessed by parents. In this sense, it was found low concordance between informants regarding ADHD behavior dimensions. However, teacher's report seems to be according with contemporary literature. It was concluded that dimensional investigation can provides relevant information related to demographic and cognitive characteristic of ADHD